base/memory/safety_checks.h

// Copyright 2023 The Chromium Authors
// Use of this source code is governed by a BSD-style license that can be
// found in the LICENSE file.

#ifndef BASE_MEMORY_SAFETY_CHECKS_H_
#define BASE_MEMORY_SAFETY_CHECKS_H_

#include <new>
#include <type_traits>

#include "base/allocator/partition_allocator/src/partition_alloc/partition_alloc_buildflags.h"
#include "base/allocator/partition_allocator/src/partition_alloc/partition_alloc_constants.h"
#include "base/compiler_specific.h"
#include "base/dcheck_is_on.h"

#if BUILDFLAG(USE_PARTITION_ALLOC_AS_MALLOC)
#include "base/allocator/partition_allocator/src/partition_alloc/shim/allocator_shim_default_dispatch_to_partition_alloc.h"
#endif  // BUILDFLAG(USE_PARTITION_ALLOC_AS_MALLOC)

// This header defines following macros:
// - ADVANCED_MEMORY_SAFETY_CHECKS()
// They can be used to specify a class/struct that is targeted to perform
// additional CHECKS across variety of memory safety mechanisms such as
// PartitionAllocator.
//
//   class Foo {
//     ADVANCED_MEMORY_SAFETY_CHECKS();
//   }
//
// Checks here are disabled by default because of their performance cost.
// Currently, the macro is managed by the memory safety team internally and
// you should not add / remove it manually.

// We cannot hide things behind anonymous namespace because they are referenced
// via macro, which can be defined anywhere.
// To avoid tainting ::base namespace, define things inside this namespace.
namespace base::internal {

enum class MemorySafetyCheck : uint32_t {
  kForcePartitionAlloc = (1u << 0),
  // Enables |FreeFlags::kSchedulerLoopQuarantine|.
  // Requires PA-E.
  kSchedulerLoopQuarantine = (1u << 1),

  // Enables |FreeFlags::kZap|.
  // Requires PA-E.
  kZapOnFree = (1u << 2),
};

constexpr MemorySafetyCheck operator|(MemorySafetyCheck a,
                                      MemorySafetyCheck b) {
  return static_cast<MemorySafetyCheck>(static_cast<uint32_t>(a) |
                                        static_cast<uint32_t>(b));
}

constexpr MemorySafetyCheck operator&(MemorySafetyCheck a,
                                      MemorySafetyCheck b) {
  return static_cast<MemorySafetyCheck>(static_cast<uint32_t>(a) &
                                        static_cast<uint32_t>(b));
}

// Set of checks for ADVANCED_MEMORY_SAFETY_CHECKS() annotated objects.
constexpr auto kAdvancedMemorySafetyChecks =
    MemorySafetyCheck::kForcePartitionAlloc |
    MemorySafetyCheck::kSchedulerLoopQuarantine | MemorySafetyCheck::kZapOnFree;

// Define type traits to determine type |T|'s memory safety check status.
namespace {

// Allocator type traits.
constexpr bool ShouldUsePartitionAlloc(MemorySafetyCheck checks) {
#if BUILDFLAG(USE_PARTITION_ALLOC_AS_MALLOC)
  return static_cast<bool>(checks &
                           (MemorySafetyCheck::kForcePartitionAlloc |
                            MemorySafetyCheck::kSchedulerLoopQuarantine |
                            MemorySafetyCheck::kZapOnFree));
#else
  return false;
#endif  // BUILDFLAG(USE_PARTITION_ALLOC_AS_MALLOC)
}

// Returns |partition_alloc::AllocFlags| corresponding to |checks|.
constexpr partition_alloc::AllocFlags GetAllocFlags(MemorySafetyCheck checks) {
  return partition_alloc::AllocFlags::kReturnNull |
         partition_alloc::AllocFlags::kNoHooks;
}

// Returns |partition_alloc::FreeFlags| corresponding to |checks|.
constexpr partition_alloc::FreeFlags GetFreeFlags(MemorySafetyCheck checks) {
  auto flags = partition_alloc::FreeFlags::kNone;
  if (static_cast<bool>(checks & MemorySafetyCheck::kSchedulerLoopQuarantine)) {
    flags |= partition_alloc::FreeFlags::kSchedulerLoopQuarantine;
  }
  if (static_cast<bool>(checks & MemorySafetyCheck::kZapOnFree)) {
    flags |= partition_alloc::FreeFlags::kZap;
  }
  return flags;
}

}  // namespace

// Public utility type traits.
template <typename T>
inline constexpr MemorySafetyCheck get_memory_safety_checks = [] {
  if constexpr (requires { T::kMemorySafetyChecks; }) {
    return T::kMemorySafetyChecks;
  } else {
    return static_cast<MemorySafetyCheck>(0);
  }
}();

template <typename T, MemorySafetyCheck c>
inline constexpr bool is_memory_safety_checked =
    (get_memory_safety_checks<T> & c) == c;

// Allocator functions.
#if BUILDFLAG(USE_PARTITION_ALLOC_AS_MALLOC)
ALWAYS_INLINE partition_alloc::PartitionRoot*
GetPartitionRootForMemorySafetyCheckedAllocation() {
  return allocator_shim::internal::PartitionAllocMalloc::Allocator();
}

ALWAYS_INLINE partition_alloc::PartitionRoot*
GetAlignedPartitionRootForMemorySafetyCheckedAllocation() {
  return allocator_shim::internal::PartitionAllocMalloc::AlignedAllocator();
}
#endif  // BUILDFLAG(USE_PARTITION_ALLOC_AS_MALLOC)

template <MemorySafetyCheck checks>
NOINLINE void* HandleMemorySafetyCheckedOperatorNew(std::size_t count) {
#if BUILDFLAG(USE_PARTITION_ALLOC_AS_MALLOC)
  if constexpr (ShouldUsePartitionAlloc(checks)) {
    return GetPartitionRootForMemorySafetyCheckedAllocation()
        ->AllocInline<GetAllocFlags(checks)>(count);
  } else
#endif  // BUILDFLAG(USE_PARTITION_ALLOC_AS_MALLOC)
  {
    return ::operator new(count);
  }
}

template <MemorySafetyCheck checks>
NOINLINE void* HandleMemorySafetyCheckedOperatorNew(
    std::size_t count,
    std::align_val_t alignment) {
#if BUILDFLAG(USE_PARTITION_ALLOC_AS_MALLOC)
  if constexpr (ShouldUsePartitionAlloc(checks)) {
    return GetAlignedPartitionRootForMemorySafetyCheckedAllocation()
        ->AlignedAlloc<GetAllocFlags(checks)>(static_cast<size_t>(alignment),
                                              count);
  } else
#endif  // BUILDFLAG(USE_PARTITION_ALLOC_AS_MALLOC)
  {
    return ::operator new(count, alignment);
  }
}

template <MemorySafetyCheck checks>
NOINLINE void HandleMemorySafetyCheckedOperatorDelete(void* ptr) {
#if BUILDFLAG(USE_PARTITION_ALLOC_AS_MALLOC)
  if constexpr (ShouldUsePartitionAlloc(checks)) {
    GetPartitionRootForMemorySafetyCheckedAllocation()
        ->Free<GetFreeFlags(checks)>(ptr);
  } else
#endif  // BUILDFLAG(USE_PARTITION_ALLOC_AS_MALLOC)
  {
    ::operator delete(ptr);
  }
}

template <MemorySafetyCheck checks>
NOINLINE void HandleMemorySafetyCheckedOperatorDelete(
    void* ptr,
    std::align_val_t alignment) {
#if BUILDFLAG(USE_PARTITION_ALLOC_AS_MALLOC)
  if constexpr (ShouldUsePartitionAlloc(checks)) {
    GetAlignedPartitionRootForMemorySafetyCheckedAllocation()
        ->Free<GetFreeFlags(checks)>(ptr);
  } else
#endif  // BUILDFLAG(USE_PARTITION_ALLOC_AS_MALLOC)
  {
    ::operator delete(ptr, alignment);
  }
}

}  // namespace base::internal

// Macros to annotate class/struct's default memory safety check.
// ADVANCED_MEMORY_SAFETY_CHECKS(): Enable Check |kAdvancedChecks| for this
// object.
//
// Note that if you use this macro at the top of struct declaration, the
// declaration context would be left as |private|. Please switch it back to
// |public| manually if needed.
//
//   struct ObjectWithAdvancedChecks {
//     ADVANCED_MEMORY_SAFETY_CHECKS();
//   public:
//     int public_field;
//   };
#define ADVANCED_MEMORY_SAFETY_CHECKS_INTERNAL(SPECIFIER)                      \
 public:                                                                       \
  static constexpr auto kMemorySafetyChecks =                                  \
      base::internal::kAdvancedMemorySafetyChecks;                             \
  SPECIFIER static void* operator new(std::size_t count) {                     \
    return base::internal::HandleMemorySafetyCheckedOperatorNew<               \
        kMemorySafetyChecks>(count);                                           \
  }                                                                            \
  SPECIFIER static void* operator new(std::size_t count,                       \
                                      std::align_val_t alignment) {            \
    return base::internal::HandleMemorySafetyCheckedOperatorNew<               \
        kMemorySafetyChecks>(count, alignment);                                \
  }                                                                            \
  /* Though we do not hook placement new, we need to define this */            \
  /* explicitly to allow it. */                                                \
  ALWAYS_INLINE static void* operator new(std::size_t, void* ptr) {            \
    return ptr;                                                                \
  }                                                                            \
  SPECIFIER static void operator delete(void* ptr) noexcept {                  \
    base::internal::HandleMemorySafetyCheckedOperatorDelete<                   \
        kMemorySafetyChecks>(ptr);                                             \
  }                                                                            \
  SPECIFIER static void operator delete(void* ptr,                             \
                                        std::align_val_t alignment) noexcept { \
    base::internal::HandleMemorySafetyCheckedOperatorDelete<                   \
        kMemorySafetyChecks>(ptr, alignment);                                  \
  }                                                                            \
                                                                               \
 private:                                                                      \
  static_assert(true) /* semicolon here */

#if DCHECK_IS_ON()
// Specify NOINLINE to display the operator on a stack trace.
#define ADVANCED_MEMORY_SAFETY_CHECKS() \
  ADVANCED_MEMORY_SAFETY_CHECKS_INTERNAL(NOINLINE NOT_TAIL_CALLED)
#else
#define ADVANCED_MEMORY_SAFETY_CHECKS() \
  ADVANCED_MEMORY_SAFETY_CHECKS_INTERNAL(ALWAYS_INLINE)
#endif  // DCHECK_IS_ON()

#endif  // BASE_MEMORY_SAFETY_CHECKS_H_