blob: 4aaf3953f4f5028de5ea7593e2d5a8cc242c8dc8 [file] [log] [blame]
#!/usr/bin/env sh
SYS=$(uname -s)
test "$SYS" = "Darwin" && {
echo Error: afl-cmin does not work on Apple currently. please use afl-cmin.bash instead.
exit 1
}
export AFL_QUIET=1
export ASAN_OPTIONS=detect_leaks=0
THISPATH=`dirname ${0}`
export PATH="${THISPATH}:$PATH"
awk -f - -- ${@+"$@"} <<'EOF'
#!/usr/bin/awk -f
# awk script to minimize a test corpus of input files
#
# based on afl-cmin bash script written by Michal Zalewski
# rewritten by Heiko Eißfeldt (hexcoder-)
# tested with:
# gnu awk (x86 Linux)
# bsd awk (x86 *BSD)
# mawk (arm32 raspbian)
#
# uses getopt.awk package from Arnold Robbins
#
# external tools used by this script:
# test
# grep
# rm
# mkdir
# ln
# cp
# pwd
# type
# cd
# find
# stat
# sort
# cut
# and afl-showmap from this project :-)
# getopt.awk --- Do C library getopt(3) function in awk
# External variables:
# Optind -- index in ARGV of first nonoption argument
# Optarg -- string value of argument to current option
# Opterr -- if nonzero, print our own diagnostic
# Optopt -- current option letter
# Returns:
# -1 at end of options
# "?" for unrecognized option
# <c> a character representing the current option
# Private Data:
# _opti -- index in multiflag option, e.g., -abc
function getopt(argc, argv, options, thisopt, i)
{
if (length(options) == 0) # no options given
return -1
if (argv[Optind] == "--") { # all done
Optind++
_opti = 0
return -1
} else if (argv[Optind] !~ /^-[^:\t ]/) {
_opti = 0
return -1
}
if (_opti == 0)
_opti = 2
thisopt = substr(argv[Optind], _opti, 1)
Optopt = thisopt
i = index(options, thisopt)
if (i == 0) {
if (Opterr)
printf("%c -- invalid option\n", thisopt) > "/dev/stderr"
if (_opti >= length(argv[Optind])) {
Optind++
_opti = 0
} else
_opti++
return "?"
}
if (substr(options, i + 1, 1) == ":") {
# get option argument
if (length(substr(argv[Optind], _opti + 1)) > 0)
Optarg = substr(argv[Optind], _opti + 1)
else
Optarg = argv[++Optind]
_opti = 0
} else
Optarg = ""
if (_opti == 0 || _opti >= length(argv[Optind])) {
Optind++
_opti = 0
} else
_opti++
return thisopt
}
function usage() {
print \
"afl-cmin [ options ] -- /path/to/target_app [ ... ]\n" \
"\n" \
"Required parameters:\n" \
" -i dir - input directory with starting corpus\n" \
" -o dir - output directory for minimized files\n" \
"\n" \
"Execution control settings:\n" \
" -T tasks - how many parallel tasks to run (default: 1, all=nproc)\n" \
" -f file - location read by the fuzzed program (stdin)\n" \
" -m megs - memory limit for child process ("mem_limit" MB)\n" \
" -t msec - run time limit for child process (default: 5000)\n" \
" -O - use binary-only instrumentation (FRIDA mode)\n" \
" -Q - use binary-only instrumentation (QEMU mode)\n" \
" -U - use unicorn-based instrumentation (unicorn mode)\n" \
" -X - use Nyx mode\n" \
"\n" \
"Minimization settings:\n" \
" -A - allow crashes and timeouts (not recommended)\n" \
" -C - keep crashing inputs, reject everything else\n" \
" -e - solve for edge coverage only, ignore hit counts\n" \
"\n" \
"For additional tips, please consult README.md\n" \
"\n" \
"Environment variables used:\n" \
"AFL_CRASH_EXITCODE: optional child exit code to be interpreted as crash\n" \
"AFL_FORKSRV_INIT_TMOUT: time the fuzzer waits for the forkserver to come up\n" \
"AFL_KEEP_TRACES: leave the temporary <out_dir>/.traces directory\n" \
"AFL_KILL_SIGNAL: Signal delivered to child processes on timeout (default: SIGKILL)\n" \
"AFL_FORK_SERVER_KILL_SIGNAL: Signal delivered to fork server processes on\n" \
" termination (default: SIGTERM). If this is not set and AFL_KILL_SIGNAL is\n" \
" set, this will be set to the same value as AFL_KILL_SIGNAL.\n" \
"AFL_NO_FORKSRV: run target via execve instead of using the forkserver\n" \
"AFL_CMIN_ALLOW_ANY: write tuples for crashing inputs also\n" \
"AFL_PATH: path for the afl-showmap binary if not found anywhere in PATH\n" \
"AFL_PRINT_FILENAMES: If set, the filename currently processed will be " \
"printed to stdout\n" \
"AFL_SKIP_BIN_CHECK: skip afl instrumentation checks for target binary\n"
"AFL_CUSTOM_MUTATOR_LIBRARY: custom mutator library (post_process and send)\n"
"AFL_PYTHON_MODULE: custom mutator library (post_process and send)\n"
exit 1
}
function exists_and_is_executable(binarypath) {
return 0 == system("test -f "binarypath" -a -x "binarypath)
}
BEGIN {
if (0 != system( "test -t 1")) {
redirected = 1
} else {
redirected = 0
}
print "corpus minimization tool for AFL++ (awk version)\n"
# defaults
extra_par = ""
AFL_CMIN_CRASHES_ONLY = ""
AFL_CMIN_ALLOW_ANY = ""
# process options
Opterr = 1 # default is to diagnose
Optind = 1 # skip ARGV[0]
while ((_go_c = getopt(ARGC, ARGV, "hi:o:f:m:t:eACOQUXYT:?")) != -1) {
if (_go_c == "i") {
if (!Optarg) usage()
if (in_dir) { print "Option "_go_c" is only allowed once" > "/dev/stderr"}
in_dir = Optarg
continue
} else
if (_go_c == "T") {
if (!Optarg) usage()
if (threads) { print "Option "_go_c" is only allowed once" > "/dev/stderr"}
threads = Optarg
continue
} else
if (_go_c == "o") {
if (!Optarg) usage()
if (out_dir) { print "Option "_go_c" is only allowed once" > "/dev/stderr"}
out_dir = Optarg
continue
} else
if (_go_c == "f") {
if (!Optarg) usage()
if (stdin_file) { print "Option "_go_c" is only allowed once" > "/dev/stderr"}
stdin_file = Optarg
continue
} else
if (_go_c == "m") {
if (!Optarg) usage()
if (mem_limit) { print "Option "_go_c" is only allowed once" > "/dev/stderr"}
mem_limit = Optarg
mem_limit_given = 1
continue
} else
if (_go_c == "t") {
if (!Optarg) usage()
if (timeout) { print "Option "_go_c" is only allowed once" > "/dev/stderr"}
timeout = Optarg
continue
} else
if (_go_c == "C") {
AFL_CMIN_CRASHES_ONLY = "AFL_CMIN_CRASHES_ONLY=1 "
continue
} else
if (_go_c == "A") {
AFL_CMIN_ALLOW_ANY = "AFL_CMIN_ALLOW_ANY=1 "
continue
} else
if (_go_c == "e") {
extra_par = extra_par " -e"
continue
} else
if (_go_c == "O") {
if (frida_mode) { print "Option "_go_c" is only allowed once" > "/dev/stderr"}
extra_par = extra_par " -O"
frida_mode = 1
continue
} else
if (_go_c == "Q") {
if (qemu_mode) { print "Option "_go_c" is only allowed once" > "/dev/stderr"}
extra_par = extra_par " -Q"
qemu_mode = 1
continue
} else
if (_go_c == "U") {
if (unicorn_mode) { print "Option "_go_c" is only allowed once" > "/dev/stderr"}
extra_par = extra_par " -U"
unicorn_mode = 1
continue
} else
if (_go_c == "X" || _go_c == "Y") {
if (nyx_mode) { print "Option "_go_c" is only allowed once" > "/dev/stderr"}
extra_par = extra_par " -X"
nyx_mode = 1
continue
} else
if (_go_c == "?") {
exit 1
} else
usage()
} # while options
if (!mem_limit) mem_limit = "none"
if (!timeout) timeout = "5000"
# get program args
i = 0
prog_args_string = ""
for (; Optind < ARGC; Optind++) {
prog_args[i++] = ARGV[Optind]
if (i > 1)
prog_args_string = prog_args_string" '"ARGV[Optind]"'"
}
# sanity checks
if (!prog_args[0] || !in_dir || !out_dir) usage()
target_bin = prog_args[0]
# Do a sanity check to discourage the use of /tmp, since we can't really
# handle this safely from an awk script.
if (!ENVIRON["AFL_ALLOW_TMP"]) {
dirlist[0] = in_dir
dirlist[1] = target_bin
dirlist[2] = out_dir
dirlist[3] = stdin_file
"pwd" | getline dirlist[4] # current directory
for (dirind in dirlist) {
dir = dirlist[dirind]
if (dir ~ /^(\/var)?\/tmp/) {
print "[-] Warning: do not use this script in /tmp or /var/tmp for security reasons." > "/dev/stderr"
}
}
delete dirlist
}
if (threads && stdin_file) {
print "[-] Error: -T and -f cannot be used together." > "/dev/stderr"
exit 1
}
if (!threads && !stdin_file && !nyx_mode) {
print "[*] Are you aware of the '-T all' parallelize option that improves the speed for large/slow corpuses?"
}
# If @@ is specified, but there's no -f, let's come up with a temporary input
# file name.
trace_dir = out_dir "/.traces"
if (!stdin_file) {
found_atat = 0
for (prog_args_ind in prog_args) {
if (match(prog_args[prog_args_ind], "@@") != 0) {
found_atat = 1
break
}
}
if (found_atat) {
stdin_file = trace_dir "/.cur_input"
}
}
# Check for obvious errors.
if (mem_limit && mem_limit != "none" && mem_limit < 5) {
print "[-] Error: dangerously low memory limit." > "/dev/stderr"
exit 1
}
if (timeout && timeout != "none" && timeout < 10) {
print "[-] Error: dangerously low timeout." > "/dev/stderr"
exit 1
}
if (!nyx_mode && target_bin && !exists_and_is_executable(target_bin)) {
cmd = "command -v "target_bin" 2>/dev/null"
cmd | getline tnew
close(cmd)
if (!tnew || !exists_and_is_executable(tnew)) {
print "[-] Error: binary '"target_bin"' not found or not executable." > "/dev/stderr"
exit 1
}
target_bin = tnew
}
if (0 == system ( "grep -aq AFL_DUMP_MAP_SIZE " target_bin )) {
echo "[!] Trying to obtain the map size of the target ..."
get_map_size = "AFL_DUMP_MAP_SIZE=1 " target_bin
get_map_size | getline mapsize
close(get_map_size)
if (mapsize && mapsize > 65535 && mapsize < 100000000) {
AFL_MAP_SIZE = "AFL_MAP_SIZE="mapsize" "
print "[+] Setting "AFL_MAP_SIZE
}
}
if (!ENVIRON["AFL_SKIP_BIN_CHECK"] && !qemu_mode && !frida_mode && !unicorn_mode && !nyx_mode) {
if (0 != system( "grep -q __AFL_SHM_ID "target_bin )) {
print "[-] Error: binary '"target_bin"' doesn't appear to be instrumented." > "/dev/stderr"
exit 1
}
}
if (0 != system( "test -d "in_dir )) {
print "[-] Error: directory '"in_dir"' not found." > "/dev/stderr"
exit 1
}
#if (0 == system( "test -d "in_dir"/default" )) {
# in_dir = in_dir "/default"
#}
#
#if (0 == system( "test -d "in_dir"/queue" )) {
# in_dir = in_dir "/queue"
#}
system("rm -rf "trace_dir" 2>/dev/null");
system("rm "out_dir"/id[:_]* 2>/dev/null")
cmd = "ls "out_dir"/* 2>/dev/null | wc -l"
cmd | getline noofentries
close(cmd)
if (0 == system( "test -d "out_dir" -a "noofentries" -gt 0" )) {
print "[-] Error: directory '"out_dir"' exists and is not empty - delete it first." > "/dev/stderr"
exit 1
}
if (threads) {
cmd = "nproc"
cmd | getline nproc
close(cmd)
if (threads == "all") {
threads = nproc
} else {
if (!(threads > 1 && threads <= nproc)) {
print "[-] Error: -T option must be between 1 and "nproc" or \"all\"." > "/dev/stderr"
exit 1
}
}
}
# Check for the more efficient way to copy files...
if (0 != system("mkdir -p -m 0700 "trace_dir)) {
print "[-] Error: Cannot create directory "trace_dir > "/dev/stderr"
exit 1
}
if (stdin_file) {
# truncate input file
printf "" > stdin_file
close(stdin_file)
}
# First we look in PATH
if (0 == system("command -v afl-showmap >/dev/null 2>&1")) {
cmd = "command -v afl-showmap 2>/dev/null"
cmd | getline showmap
close(cmd)
} else {
# then we look in the current directory
if (0 == system("test -x ./afl-showmap")) {
showmap = "./afl-showmap"
} else {
if (ENVIRON["AFL_PATH"]) {
showmap = ENVIRON["AFL_PATH"] "/afl-showmap"
}
}
}
if (!showmap || 0 != system("test -x "showmap )) {
print "[-] Error: can't find 'afl-showmap' - please set AFL_PATH." > "/dev/stderr"
exit 1
}
# get list of input filenames sorted by size
i = 0
# yuck, gnu stat is option incompatible to bsd stat
# we use a heuristic to differentiate between
# GNU stat and other stats
cmd = "stat --version 2>/dev/null"
cmd | getline statversion
close(cmd)
if (statversion ~ /GNU coreutils/ || statversion ~ /BusyBox/) {
stat_format = "-c '%s %n'" # GNU
} else {
stat_format = "-f '%z %N'" # *BSD, MacOS
}
cmdline = "(cd "in_dir" && find . \\( ! -name \".*\" -a -type d \\) -o -type f -exec stat "stat_format" \\{\\} + | sort -k1n -k2r) | grep -Ev '^0'"
#cmdline = "ls "in_dir" | (cd "in_dir" && xargs stat "stat_format" 2>/dev/null) | sort -k1n -k2r"
#cmdline = "(cd "in_dir" && stat "stat_format" *) | sort -k1n -k2r"
#cmdline = "(cd "in_dir" && ls | xargs stat "stat_format" ) | sort -k1n -k2r"
while (cmdline | getline) {
sub(/^[0-9]+ (\.\/)?/,"",$0)
infilesSmallToBigFull[i] = $0
sub(/.*\//, "", $0)
infilesSmallToBig[i] = $0
infilesSmallToBigMap[infilesSmallToBig[i]] = infilesSmallToBigFull[i]
infilesSmallToBigFullMap[infilesSmallToBigFull[i]] = infilesSmallToBig[i]
i++
}
close(cmdline)
in_count = i
first_file = infilesSmallToBigFull[0]
#if (0 == system("test -d ""\""in_dir"/"first_file"\"")) {
# print "[-] Error: The input directory is empty or contains subdirectories - please fix." > "/dev/stderr"
# exit 1
#}
system(">\""in_dir"/.afl-cmin.test\"")
if (0 == system("ln \""in_dir"/.afl-cmin.test\" "trace_dir"/.link_test")) {
cp_tool = "ln"
} else {
cp_tool = "cp"
}
system("rm -f \""in_dir"/.afl-cmin.test\"")
if (!ENVIRON["AFL_SKIP_BIN_CHECK"]) {
# Make sure that we can actually get anything out of afl-showmap before we
# waste too much time.
print "[*] Testing the target binary..."
if (!stdin_file) {
system(AFL_MAP_SIZE "AFL_CMIN_ALLOW_ANY=1 "AFL_CMIN_CRASHES_ONLY"\""showmap"\" -m "mem_limit" -t "timeout" -o \""trace_dir"/.run_test\" -Z "extra_par" -- \""target_bin"\" "prog_args_string" <\""in_dir"/"first_file"\"")
} else {
system("cp \""in_dir"/"first_file"\" "stdin_file)
system(AFL_MAP_SIZE "AFL_CMIN_ALLOW_ANY=1 "AFL_CMIN_CRASHES_ONLY"\""showmap"\" -m "mem_limit" -t "timeout" -o \""trace_dir"/.run_test\" -Z "extra_par" -H \""stdin_file"\" -- \""target_bin"\" "prog_args_string" </dev/null")
}
first_count = 0
runtest = trace_dir"/.run_test"
while ((getline < runtest) > 0) {
++first_count
}
close(runtest)
if (first_count) {
print "[+] OK, "first_count" tuples recorded."
} else {
print "[-] Error: no instrumentation output detected (perhaps crash or timeout)." > "/dev/stderr"
if (!ENVIRON["AFL_KEEP_TRACES"]) {
system("rm -rf "trace_dir" 2>/dev/null")
}
exit 1
}
}
if (in_count < threads) {
threads = in_count
print "[!] WARNING: less inputs than threads, reducing threads to "threads" and likely the overhead of threading makes things slower..."
}
# Let's roll!
#############################
# STEP 1: Collecting traces #
#############################
if (threads) {
inputsperfile = int(in_count / threads)
if (in_count % threads) {
inputsperfile++;
}
cnt = 0;
tmpfile=out_dir "/.filelist"
for (instance = 1; instance < threads; instance++) {
for (i = 0; i < inputsperfile; i++) {
print in_dir"/"infilesSmallToBigFull[cnt] >> tmpfile"."instance
cnt++
}
}
for (; cnt < in_count; cnt++) {
print in_dir"/"infilesSmallToBigFull[cnt] >> tmpfile"."threads
}
}
print "[*] Obtaining traces for "in_count" input files in '"in_dir"'."
cur = 0;
if (threads > 1) {
print "[*] Creating " threads " parallel tasks with about " inputsperfile " items each."
for (i = 1; i <= threads; i++) {
if (!stdin_file) {
# print " { "AFL_MAP_SIZE AFL_CMIN_ALLOW_ANY AFL_CMIN_CRASHES_ONLY"\""showmap"\" -m "mem_limit" -t "timeout" -o \""trace_dir"\" -Z "extra_par" -I \""tmpfile"."i"\" -- \""target_bin"\" "prog_args_string"; > "tmpfile"."i".done ; } &"
retval = system(" { "AFL_MAP_SIZE AFL_CMIN_ALLOW_ANY AFL_CMIN_CRASHES_ONLY"\""showmap"\" -m "mem_limit" -t "timeout" -o \""trace_dir"\" -Z "extra_par" -I \""tmpfile"."i"\" -- \""target_bin"\" "prog_args_string"; > "tmpfile"."i".done ; } &")
} else {
stdin_file=tmpfile"."i".stdin"
# print " { "AFL_MAP_SIZE AFL_CMIN_ALLOW_ANY AFL_CMIN_CRASHES_ONLY"\""showmap"\" -m "mem_limit" -t "timeout" -o \""trace_dir"\" -Z "extra_par" -I \""tmpfile"."i"\" -H \""stdin_file"\" -- \""target_bin"\" "prog_args_string" </dev/null; > "tmpfile"."i".done ; } &"
retval = system(" { "AFL_MAP_SIZE AFL_CMIN_ALLOW_ANY AFL_CMIN_CRASHES_ONLY"\""showmap"\" -m "mem_limit" -t "timeout" -o \""trace_dir"\" -Z "extra_par" -I \""tmpfile"."i"\" -H \""stdin_file"\" -- \""target_bin"\" "prog_args_string" </dev/null; > "tmpfile"."i".done ; } &")
}
}
print "[*] Waiting for parallel tasks to complete ..."
# wait for all processes to finish
ok=0
while (ok < threads) {
ok=0
for (i = 1; i <= threads; i++) {
if (system("test -f "tmpfile"."i".done") == 0) {
ok++
}
}
}
print "[*] Done!"
system("rm -f "tmpfile"*")
} else {
if (!stdin_file) {
print " Processing "in_count" files (forkserver mode)..."
# print AFL_CMIN_CRASHES_ONLY"\""showmap"\" -m "mem_limit" -t "timeout" -o \""trace_dir"\" -Z "extra_par" -i \""in_dir"\" -- \""target_bin"\" "prog_args_string
retval = system(AFL_MAP_SIZE AFL_CMIN_ALLOW_ANY AFL_CMIN_CRASHES_ONLY"\""showmap"\" -m "mem_limit" -t "timeout" -o \""trace_dir"\" -Z "extra_par" -i \""in_dir"\" -- \""target_bin"\" "prog_args_string)
} else {
print " Processing "in_count" files (forkserver mode)..."
# print AFL_CMIN_CRASHES_ONLY"\""showmap"\" -m "mem_limit" -t "timeout" -o \""trace_dir"\" -Z "extra_par" -i \""in_dir"\" -H \""stdin_file"\" -- \""target_bin"\" "prog_args_string" </dev/null"
retval = system(AFL_MAP_SIZE AFL_CMIN_ALLOW_ANY AFL_CMIN_CRASHES_ONLY"\""showmap"\" -m "mem_limit" -t "timeout" -o \""trace_dir"\" -Z "extra_par" -i \""in_dir"\" -H \""stdin_file"\" -- \""target_bin"\" "prog_args_string" </dev/null")
}
if (retval && (!AFL_CMIN_CRASHES_ONLY && !AFL_CMIN_ALLOW_ANY)) {
print "[!] Exit code "retval" != 0 received from afl-showmap (this means a crashing or timeout input is likely present), terminating..."
if (!ENVIRON["AFL_KEEP_TRACES"]) {
system("rm -rf "trace_dir" 2>/dev/null")
system("rmdir "out_dir)
}
exit retval
}
}
#######################################################
# STEP 2: register smallest input file for each tuple #
# STEP 3: copy that file (at most once) #
#######################################################
print "[*] Processing traces for input files in '"in_dir"'."
cur = 0
out_count = 0
tuple_count = 0
# from rare to frequent new tuples
# get the best (smallest) file for it
# and copy it
while (cur < in_count) {
fn = infilesSmallToBig[cur]
++cur
if (redirected == 0) { printf "\r Processing file "cur"/"in_count }
else { print " Processing file "cur"/"in_count }
# create path for the trace file from afl-showmap
tracefile_path = trace_dir"/"fn
# ensure the file size is not zero
cmd = "du -b "tracefile_path
"ls -l "tracefile_path
cmd | getline output
close(cmd)
split(output, result, "\t")
if (result[1] == 0) {
print "[!] WARNING: file "fn" is crashing the target, ignoring..."
}
# gather all keys, and count them
while ((getline line < tracefile_path) > 0) {
key = line
if (!(key in key_count)) {
++tuple_count
}
++key_count[key]
if (! (key in best_file)) {
# this is the best file for this key
best_file[key] = fn
#printf "BEST_FILE[%d]=\"%s\"\n",key,fn | "sort -t'[' -k2 > "trace_dir"/.candidate_script"
}
#printf "%d %s\n",key,fn > trace_dir"/.candidate_list"
}
close(tracefile_path)
}
print ""
# sort keys
sortedKeys = trace_dir"/.all_uniq"
sortKeysCmd = "sort -k1n > "sortedKeys
for (key in key_count) {
printf "%7d %s\n",key_count[key],key | sortKeysCmd
}
close(sortKeysCmd)
# iterate over keys from rare to frequent and
# copy best file
while ((getline < sortedKeys) > 0) {
# split
nrFields = split($0, field, / +/)
#print nrFields" Felder: '"field[0]"', '"field[1]"', '"field[2]"', '"field[3]"'"
key = field[nrFields]
++tcnt;
if (redirected == 0) { printf "\r Processing tuple "tcnt"/"tuple_count" with count "key_count[key]"..." }
else { print " Processing tuple "tcnt"/"tuple_count" with count "key_count[key]"..." }
if (key in keyAlreadyKnown) {
continue
}
fn = best_file[key]
# gather all tuples from the best file for this key
tracedfn = trace_dir"/"fn
while ((getline < tracedfn) > 0) {
keyAlreadyKnown[$0] = ""
}
close(tracedfn)
# copy file unless already done
if (! (fn in file_already_copied)) {
realfile = infilesSmallToBigMap[fn]
system(cp_tool" \""in_dir"/"realfile"\" \""out_dir"/"fn"\"")
file_already_copied[fn] = ""
++out_count
#printf "tuple nr %d (%d cnt=%d) -> %s\n",tcnt,key,key_count[key],fn > trace_dir"/.log"
}
}
close(sortedKeys)
print ""
print "[+] Found "tuple_count" unique tuples across "in_count" files."
if (out_count == 1) {
print "[!] WARNING: All test cases had the same traces, check syntax!"
}
print "[+] Narrowed down to "out_count" files, saved in '"out_dir"'."
if (!ENVIRON["AFL_KEEP_TRACES"]) {
system("rm -rf "trace_dir" 2>/dev/null")
}
exit 0
}
EOF