vendor/rustix-0.37.6/src/io/kqueue.rs - toolchain/rustc - Git at Google

 //! An API for interfacing with `kqueue`.

 use crate::fd::{AsFd, AsRawFd, OwnedFd, RawFd};
 use crate::{backend, io};

 use backend::c::{self, kevent as kevent_t, uintptr_t};
 use backend::io::syscalls;

 #[cfg(any(apple, freebsdlike))]
 use backend::c::intptr_t;

 use alloc::vec::Vec;
 use core::ptr::slice_from_raw_parts_mut;
 use core::time::Duration;

 /// A `kqueue` event.
 #[repr(transparent)]
 #[derive(Copy, Clone)]
 pub struct Event {
     // The layout varies between BSDs and macOS.
     inner: kevent_t,
 }

 impl Event {
     /// Create a new `Event`.
     #[allow(clippy::needless_update)]
     pub fn new(filter: EventFilter, flags: EventFlags, udata: isize) -> Event {
         let (ident, filter, fflags) = match filter {
             EventFilter::Read(fd) => (fd.as_raw_fd() as uintptr_t, c::EVFILT_READ, 0),
             EventFilter::Write(fd) => (fd.as_raw_fd() as _, c::EVFILT_WRITE, 0),
             #[cfg(target_os = "freebsd")]
             EventFilter::Empty(fd) => (fd.as_raw_fd() as _, c::EVFILT_EMPTY, 0),
             EventFilter::Vnode { vnode, flags } => {
                 (vnode.as_raw_fd() as _, c::EVFILT_VNODE, flags.bits())
             }
             #[cfg(feature = "process")]
             EventFilter::Proc { pid, flags } => (
                 crate::process::Pid::as_raw(Some(pid)) as _,
                 c::EVFILT_PROC,
                 flags.bits(),
             ),
             #[cfg(feature = "process")]
             EventFilter::Signal { signal, times: _ } => (signal as _, c::EVFILT_SIGNAL, 0),
             EventFilter::Timer(timer) => {
                 #[cfg(any(apple, target_os = "freebsd", target_os = "netbsd"))]
                 let (data, fflags) = match timer {
                     Some(timer) => {
                         if timer.subsec_millis() == 0 {
                             (timer.as_secs() as _, c::NOTE_SECONDS)
                         } else if timer.subsec_nanos() == 0 {
                             (timer.as_micros() as _, c::NOTE_USECONDS)
                         } else {
                             (timer.as_nanos() as _, c::NOTE_NSECONDS)
                         }
                     }
                     None => (uintptr_t::MAX, c::NOTE_SECONDS),
                 };
                 #[cfg(any(target_os = "dragonfly", target_os = "openbsd"))]
                 let (data, fflags) = match timer {
                     Some(timer) => (timer.as_millis() as _, 0),
                     None => (uintptr_t::MAX, 0),
                 };

                 (data, c::EVFILT_TIMER, fflags)
             }
             #[cfg(any(apple, freebsdlike))]
             EventFilter::User {
                 ident,
                 flags,
                 user_flags,
             } => (ident as _, c::EVFILT_USER, flags.bits() | user_flags.0),
             EventFilter::Unknown => panic!("unknown filter"),
         };

         Event {
             inner: kevent_t {
                 ident,
                 filter: filter as _,
                 flags: flags.bits() as _,
                 fflags,
                 data: 0,
                 udata: {
                     // On netbsd, udata is an isize and not a pointer.
                     // TODO: Strict provenance, prevent int-to-ptr cast.
                     udata as _
                 },
                 ..unsafe { core::mem::zeroed() }
             },
         }
     }

     /// Get the event flags for this event.
     pub fn flags(&self) -> EventFlags {
         EventFlags::from_bits_truncate(self.inner.flags as _)
     }

     /// Get the user data for this event.
     pub fn udata(&self) -> isize {
         // On netbsd, udata is an isize and not a pointer.
         // TODO: Strict provenance, prevent ptr-to-int cast.

         self.inner.udata as _
     }

     /// Get the filter of this event.
     pub fn filter(&self) -> EventFilter {
         match self.inner.filter as _ {
             c::EVFILT_READ => EventFilter::Read(self.inner.ident as _),
             c::EVFILT_WRITE => EventFilter::Write(self.inner.ident as _),
             #[cfg(target_os = "freebsd")]
             c::EVFILT_EMPTY => EventFilter::Empty(self.inner.ident as _),
             c::EVFILT_VNODE => EventFilter::Vnode {
                 vnode: self.inner.ident as _,
                 flags: VnodeEvents::from_bits_truncate(self.inner.fflags),
             },
             #[cfg(feature = "process")]
             c::EVFILT_PROC => EventFilter::Proc {
                 pid: unsafe { crate::process::Pid::from_raw(self.inner.ident as _) }.unwrap(),
                 flags: ProcessEvents::from_bits_truncate(self.inner.fflags),
             },
             #[cfg(feature = "process")]
             c::EVFILT_SIGNAL => EventFilter::Signal {
                 signal: crate::process::Signal::from_raw(self.inner.ident as _).unwrap(),
                 times: self.inner.data as _,
             },
             c::EVFILT_TIMER => EventFilter::Timer({
                 let (data, fflags) = (self.inner.data, self.inner.fflags);
                 #[cfg(any(apple, target_os = "freebsd", target_os = "netbsd"))]
                 match fflags as _ {
                     c::NOTE_SECONDS => Some(Duration::from_secs(data as _)),
                     c::NOTE_USECONDS => Some(Duration::from_micros(data as _)),
                     c::NOTE_NSECONDS => Some(Duration::from_nanos(data as _)),
                     _ => {
                         // Unknown timer flags.
                         None
                     }
                 }
                 #[cfg(any(target_os = "dragonfly", target_os = "openbsd"))]
                 Some(Duration::from_millis(data as _))
             }),
             #[cfg(any(apple, freebsdlike))]
             c::EVFILT_USER => EventFilter::User {
                 ident: self.inner.ident as _,
                 flags: UserFlags::from_bits_truncate(self.inner.fflags),
                 user_flags: UserDefinedFlags(self.inner.fflags & EVFILT_USER_FLAGS),
             },
             _ => EventFilter::Unknown,
         }
     }
 }

 /// Bottom 24 bits of a u32.
 #[cfg(any(apple, freebsdlike))]
 const EVFILT_USER_FLAGS: u32 = 0x00ff_ffff;

 /// The possible filters for a `kqueue`.
 #[repr(i16)]
 #[non_exhaustive]
 pub enum EventFilter {
     /// A read filter.
     Read(RawFd),

     /// A write filter.
     Write(RawFd),

     /// An empty filter.
     #[cfg(target_os = "freebsd")]
     Empty(RawFd),

     /// A VNode filter.
     Vnode {
         /// The file descriptor we looked for events in.
         vnode: RawFd,

         /// The flags for this event.
         flags: VnodeEvents,
     },

     /// A process filter.
     #[cfg(feature = "process")]
     Proc {
         /// The process ID we waited on.
         pid: crate::process::Pid,

         /// The flags for this event.
         flags: ProcessEvents,
     },

     /// A signal filter.
     #[cfg(feature = "process")]
     Signal {
         /// The signal number we waited on.
         signal: crate::process::Signal,

         /// The number of times the signal has been
         /// received since the last call to kevent.
         times: usize,
     },

     /// A timer filter.
     Timer(Option<Duration>),

     /// A user filter.
     #[cfg(any(apple, freebsdlike))]
     User {
         /// The identifier for this event.
         ident: intptr_t,

         /// The flags for this event.
         flags: UserFlags,

         /// The user-defined flags for this event.
         user_flags: UserDefinedFlags,
     },

     /// This filter is unknown.
     ///
     /// # Panics
     ///
     /// Passing this into `Event::new()` will result in a panic.
     Unknown,
 }

 bitflags::bitflags! {
     /// The flags for a `kqueue` event.
     pub struct EventFlags: u16 {
         /// Add the event to the `kqueue`.
         const ADD = c::EV_ADD as _;

         /// Enable the event.
         const ENABLE = c::EV_ENABLE as _;

         /// Disable the event.
         const DISABLE = c::EV_DISABLE as _;

         /// Delete the event from the `kqueue`.
         const DELETE = c::EV_DELETE as _;

         /// TODO
         const RECEIPT = c::EV_RECEIPT as _;

         /// Clear the event after it is triggered.
         const ONESHOT = c::EV_ONESHOT as _;

         /// TODO
         const CLEAR = c::EV_CLEAR as _;

         /// TODO
         const EOF = c::EV_EOF as _;

         /// TODO
         const ERROR = c::EV_ERROR as _;
     }
 }

 bitflags::bitflags! {
     /// The flags for a virtual node event.
     pub struct VnodeEvents: u32 {
         /// The file was deleted.
         const DELETE = c::NOTE_DELETE;

         /// The file was written to.
         const WRITE = c::NOTE_WRITE;

         /// The file was extended.
         const EXTEND = c::NOTE_EXTEND;

         /// The file had its attributes changed.
         const ATTRIBUTES = c::NOTE_ATTRIB;

         /// The file was renamed.
         const RENAME = c::NOTE_RENAME;

         /// Access to the file was revoked.
         const REVOKE = c::NOTE_REVOKE;

         /// The link count of the file has changed.
         const LINK = c::NOTE_LINK;
     }
 }

 #[cfg(feature = "process")]
 bitflags::bitflags! {
     /// The flags for a process event.
     pub struct ProcessEvents: u32 {
         /// The process exited.
         const EXIT = c::NOTE_EXIT;

         /// The process forked itself.
         const FORK = c::NOTE_FORK;

         /// The process executed a new process.
         const EXEC = c::NOTE_EXEC;

         /// Follow the process through fork() calls (write only).
         const TRACK = c::NOTE_TRACK;

         /// An error has occurred with following the process.
         const TRACKERR = c::NOTE_TRACKERR;
     }
 }

 #[cfg(any(apple, freebsdlike))]
 bitflags::bitflags! {
     /// The flags for a user event.
     pub struct UserFlags: u32 {
         /// Ignore the user input flags.
         const NOINPUT = c::NOTE_FFNOP;

         /// Bitwise AND fflags.
         const AND = c::NOTE_FFAND;

         /// Bitwise OR fflags.
         const OR = c::NOTE_FFOR;

         /// Copy fflags.
         const COPY = c::NOTE_FFCOPY;

         /// Control mask for operations.
         const CTRLMASK = c::NOTE_FFCTRLMASK;

         /// User defined flags for masks.
         const UDFMASK = c::NOTE_FFLAGSMASK;

         /// Trigger the event.
         const TRIGGER = c::NOTE_TRIGGER;
     }
 }

 /// User-defined flags.
 ///
 /// Only the lower 24 bits are used in this struct.
 #[repr(transparent)]
 #[cfg(any(apple, freebsdlike))]
 #[derive(Clone, Copy, Debug, Eq, PartialEq)]
 pub struct UserDefinedFlags(u32);

 #[cfg(any(apple, freebsdlike))]
 impl UserDefinedFlags {
     /// Create a new `UserDefinedFlags` from a `u32`.
     pub fn new(flags: u32) -> Self {
         Self(flags & EVFILT_USER_FLAGS)
     }

     /// Get the underlying `u32`.
     pub fn get(self) -> u32 {
         self.0
     }
 }

 /// `kqueue()`—Create a new `kqueue` file descriptor.
 ///
 /// # References
 ///  - [Apple]
 ///  - [FreeBSD]
 ///  - [OpenBSD]
 ///  - [NetBSD]
 ///  - [DragonflyBSD]
 ///
 /// [Apple]: https://developer.apple.com/library/archive/documentation/System/Conceptual/ManPages_iPhoneOS/man2/kqueue.2.html
 /// [FreeBSD]: https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=kqueue&sektion=2
 /// [OpenBSD]: https://man.openbsd.org/kqueue.2
 /// [NetBSD]: https://man.netbsd.org/kqueue.2
 /// [DragonflyBSD]: https://www.dragonflybsd.org/cgi/web-man/?command=kqueue
 pub fn kqueue() -> io::Result<OwnedFd> {
     syscalls::kqueue()
 }

 /// `kevent(kqueue, changelist, eventlist, timeout)`—Wait for events on a
 /// `kqueue`.
 ///
 /// Note: in order to receive events, make sure to allocate capacity in the
 /// eventlist! Otherwise, the function will return immediately.
 ///
 /// # Safety
 ///
 /// The file descriptors referred to by the `Event` structs must be valid for
 /// the lifetime of the `kqueue` file descriptor.
 ///
 /// # References
 ///  - [Apple]
 ///  - [FreeBSD]
 ///  - [OpenBSD]
 ///  - [NetBSD]
 ///  - [DragonflyBSD]
 ///
 /// [Apple]: https://developer.apple.com/library/archive/documentation/System/Conceptual/ManPages_iPhoneOS/man2/kevent.2.html
 /// [FreeBSD]: https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=kevent&sektion=2
 /// [OpenBSD]: https://man.openbsd.org/kevent.2
 /// [NetBSD]: https://man.netbsd.org/kevent.2
 /// [DragonflyBSD]: https://www.dragonflybsd.org/cgi/web-man/?command=kevent
 pub unsafe fn kevent(
     kqueue: impl AsFd,
     changelist: &[Event],
     eventlist: &mut Vec<Event>,
     timeout: Option<Duration>,
 ) -> io::Result<usize> {
     let timeout = timeout.map(|timeout| crate::backend::c::timespec {
         tv_sec: timeout.as_secs() as _,
         tv_nsec: timeout.subsec_nanos() as _,
     });

     // Populate the event list with events.
     eventlist.set_len(0);
     let out_slice =
         slice_from_raw_parts_mut(eventlist.as_mut_ptr() as *mut _, eventlist.capacity());
     let res = syscalls::kevent(
         kqueue.as_fd(),
         changelist,
         &mut *out_slice,
         timeout.as_ref(),
     )
     .map(|res| res as _);

     // Update the event list.
     if let Ok(len) = res {
         eventlist.set_len(len);
     }

     res
 }
	//! An API for interfacing with `kqueue`.

	use crate::fd::{AsFd, AsRawFd, OwnedFd, RawFd};
	use crate::{backend, io};

	use backend::c::{self, kevent as kevent_t, uintptr_t};
	use backend::io::syscalls;

	#[cfg(any(apple, freebsdlike))]
	use backend::c::intptr_t;

	use alloc::vec::Vec;
	use core::ptr::slice_from_raw_parts_mut;
	use core::time::Duration;

	/// A `kqueue` event.
	#[repr(transparent)]
	#[derive(Copy, Clone)]
	pub struct Event {
	// The layout varies between BSDs and macOS.
	inner: kevent_t,
	}

	impl Event {
	/// Create a new `Event`.
	#[allow(clippy::needless_update)]
	pub fn new(filter: EventFilter, flags: EventFlags, udata: isize) -> Event {
	let (ident, filter, fflags) = match filter {
	EventFilter::Read(fd) => (fd.as_raw_fd() as uintptr_t, c::EVFILT_READ, 0),
	EventFilter::Write(fd) => (fd.as_raw_fd() as _, c::EVFILT_WRITE, 0),
	#[cfg(target_os = "freebsd")]
	EventFilter::Empty(fd) => (fd.as_raw_fd() as _, c::EVFILT_EMPTY, 0),
	EventFilter::Vnode { vnode, flags } => {
	(vnode.as_raw_fd() as _, c::EVFILT_VNODE, flags.bits())
	}
	#[cfg(feature = "process")]
	EventFilter::Proc { pid, flags } => (
	crate::process::Pid::as_raw(Some(pid)) as _,
	c::EVFILT_PROC,
	flags.bits(),
	),
	#[cfg(feature = "process")]
	EventFilter::Signal { signal, times: _ } => (signal as _, c::EVFILT_SIGNAL, 0),
	EventFilter::Timer(timer) => {
	#[cfg(any(apple, target_os = "freebsd", target_os = "netbsd"))]
	let (data, fflags) = match timer {
	Some(timer) => {
	if timer.subsec_millis() == 0 {
	(timer.as_secs() as _, c::NOTE_SECONDS)
	} else if timer.subsec_nanos() == 0 {
	(timer.as_micros() as _, c::NOTE_USECONDS)
	} else {
	(timer.as_nanos() as _, c::NOTE_NSECONDS)
	}
	}
	None => (uintptr_t::MAX, c::NOTE_SECONDS),
	};
	#[cfg(any(target_os = "dragonfly", target_os = "openbsd"))]
	let (data, fflags) = match timer {
	Some(timer) => (timer.as_millis() as _, 0),
	None => (uintptr_t::MAX, 0),
	};

	(data, c::EVFILT_TIMER, fflags)
	}
	#[cfg(any(apple, freebsdlike))]
	EventFilter::User {
	ident,
	flags,
	user_flags,
	} => (ident as _, c::EVFILT_USER, flags.bits() \| user_flags.0),
	EventFilter::Unknown => panic!("unknown filter"),
	};

	Event {
	inner: kevent_t {
	ident,
	filter: filter as _,
	flags: flags.bits() as _,
	fflags,
	data: 0,
	udata: {
	// On netbsd, udata is an isize and not a pointer.
	// TODO: Strict provenance, prevent int-to-ptr cast.
	udata as _
	},
	..unsafe { core::mem::zeroed() }
	},
	}
	}

	/// Get the event flags for this event.
	pub fn flags(&self) -> EventFlags {
	EventFlags::from_bits_truncate(self.inner.flags as _)
	}

	/// Get the user data for this event.
	pub fn udata(&self) -> isize {
	// On netbsd, udata is an isize and not a pointer.
	// TODO: Strict provenance, prevent ptr-to-int cast.

	self.inner.udata as _
	}

	/// Get the filter of this event.
	pub fn filter(&self) -> EventFilter {
	match self.inner.filter as _ {
	c::EVFILT_READ => EventFilter::Read(self.inner.ident as _),
	c::EVFILT_WRITE => EventFilter::Write(self.inner.ident as _),
	#[cfg(target_os = "freebsd")]
	c::EVFILT_EMPTY => EventFilter::Empty(self.inner.ident as _),
	c::EVFILT_VNODE => EventFilter::Vnode {
	vnode: self.inner.ident as _,
	flags: VnodeEvents::from_bits_truncate(self.inner.fflags),
	},
	#[cfg(feature = "process")]
	c::EVFILT_PROC => EventFilter::Proc {
	pid: unsafe { crate::process::Pid::from_raw(self.inner.ident as _) }.unwrap(),
	flags: ProcessEvents::from_bits_truncate(self.inner.fflags),
	},
	#[cfg(feature = "process")]
	c::EVFILT_SIGNAL => EventFilter::Signal {
	signal: crate::process::Signal::from_raw(self.inner.ident as _).unwrap(),
	times: self.inner.data as _,
	},
	c::EVFILT_TIMER => EventFilter::Timer({
	let (data, fflags) = (self.inner.data, self.inner.fflags);
	#[cfg(any(apple, target_os = "freebsd", target_os = "netbsd"))]
	match fflags as _ {
	c::NOTE_SECONDS => Some(Duration::from_secs(data as _)),
	c::NOTE_USECONDS => Some(Duration::from_micros(data as _)),
	c::NOTE_NSECONDS => Some(Duration::from_nanos(data as _)),
	_ => {
	// Unknown timer flags.
	None
	}
	}
	#[cfg(any(target_os = "dragonfly", target_os = "openbsd"))]
	Some(Duration::from_millis(data as _))
	}),
	#[cfg(any(apple, freebsdlike))]
	c::EVFILT_USER => EventFilter::User {
	ident: self.inner.ident as _,
	flags: UserFlags::from_bits_truncate(self.inner.fflags),
	user_flags: UserDefinedFlags(self.inner.fflags & EVFILT_USER_FLAGS),
	},
	_ => EventFilter::Unknown,
	}
	}
	}

	/// Bottom 24 bits of a u32.
	#[cfg(any(apple, freebsdlike))]
	const EVFILT_USER_FLAGS: u32 = 0x00ff_ffff;

	/// The possible filters for a `kqueue`.
	#[repr(i16)]
	#[non_exhaustive]
	pub enum EventFilter {
	/// A read filter.
	Read(RawFd),

	/// A write filter.
	Write(RawFd),

	/// An empty filter.
	#[cfg(target_os = "freebsd")]
	Empty(RawFd),

	/// A VNode filter.
	Vnode {
	/// The file descriptor we looked for events in.
	vnode: RawFd,

	/// The flags for this event.
	flags: VnodeEvents,
	},

	/// A process filter.
	#[cfg(feature = "process")]
	Proc {
	/// The process ID we waited on.
	pid: crate::process::Pid,

	/// The flags for this event.
	flags: ProcessEvents,
	},

	/// A signal filter.
	#[cfg(feature = "process")]
	Signal {
	/// The signal number we waited on.
	signal: crate::process::Signal,

	/// The number of times the signal has been
	/// received since the last call to kevent.
	times: usize,
	},

	/// A timer filter.
	Timer(Option<Duration>),

	/// A user filter.
	#[cfg(any(apple, freebsdlike))]
	User {
	/// The identifier for this event.
	ident: intptr_t,

	/// The flags for this event.
	flags: UserFlags,

	/// The user-defined flags for this event.
	user_flags: UserDefinedFlags,
	},

	/// This filter is unknown.
	///
	/// # Panics
	///
	/// Passing this into `Event::new()` will result in a panic.
	Unknown,
	}

	bitflags::bitflags! {
	/// The flags for a `kqueue` event.
	pub struct EventFlags: u16 {
	/// Add the event to the `kqueue`.
	const ADD = c::EV_ADD as _;

	/// Enable the event.
	const ENABLE = c::EV_ENABLE as _;

	/// Disable the event.
	const DISABLE = c::EV_DISABLE as _;

	/// Delete the event from the `kqueue`.
	const DELETE = c::EV_DELETE as _;

	/// TODO
	const RECEIPT = c::EV_RECEIPT as _;

	/// Clear the event after it is triggered.
	const ONESHOT = c::EV_ONESHOT as _;

	/// TODO
	const CLEAR = c::EV_CLEAR as _;

	/// TODO
	const EOF = c::EV_EOF as _;

	/// TODO
	const ERROR = c::EV_ERROR as _;
	}
	}

	bitflags::bitflags! {
	/// The flags for a virtual node event.
	pub struct VnodeEvents: u32 {
	/// The file was deleted.
	const DELETE = c::NOTE_DELETE;

	/// The file was written to.
	const WRITE = c::NOTE_WRITE;

	/// The file was extended.
	const EXTEND = c::NOTE_EXTEND;

	/// The file had its attributes changed.
	const ATTRIBUTES = c::NOTE_ATTRIB;

	/// The file was renamed.
	const RENAME = c::NOTE_RENAME;

	/// Access to the file was revoked.
	const REVOKE = c::NOTE_REVOKE;

	/// The link count of the file has changed.
	const LINK = c::NOTE_LINK;
	}
	}

	#[cfg(feature = "process")]
	bitflags::bitflags! {
	/// The flags for a process event.
	pub struct ProcessEvents: u32 {
	/// The process exited.
	const EXIT = c::NOTE_EXIT;

	/// The process forked itself.
	const FORK = c::NOTE_FORK;

	/// The process executed a new process.
	const EXEC = c::NOTE_EXEC;

	/// Follow the process through fork() calls (write only).
	const TRACK = c::NOTE_TRACK;

	/// An error has occurred with following the process.
	const TRACKERR = c::NOTE_TRACKERR;
	}
	}

	#[cfg(any(apple, freebsdlike))]
	bitflags::bitflags! {
	/// The flags for a user event.
	pub struct UserFlags: u32 {
	/// Ignore the user input flags.
	const NOINPUT = c::NOTE_FFNOP;

	/// Bitwise AND fflags.
	const AND = c::NOTE_FFAND;

	/// Bitwise OR fflags.
	const OR = c::NOTE_FFOR;

	/// Copy fflags.
	const COPY = c::NOTE_FFCOPY;

	/// Control mask for operations.
	const CTRLMASK = c::NOTE_FFCTRLMASK;

	/// User defined flags for masks.
	const UDFMASK = c::NOTE_FFLAGSMASK;

	/// Trigger the event.
	const TRIGGER = c::NOTE_TRIGGER;
	}
	}

	/// User-defined flags.
	///
	/// Only the lower 24 bits are used in this struct.
	#[repr(transparent)]
	#[cfg(any(apple, freebsdlike))]
	#[derive(Clone, Copy, Debug, Eq, PartialEq)]
	pub struct UserDefinedFlags(u32);

	#[cfg(any(apple, freebsdlike))]
	impl UserDefinedFlags {
	/// Create a new `UserDefinedFlags` from a `u32`.
	pub fn new(flags: u32) -> Self {
	Self(flags & EVFILT_USER_FLAGS)
	}

	/// Get the underlying `u32`.
	pub fn get(self) -> u32 {
	self.0
	}
	}

	/// `kqueue()`—Create a new `kqueue` file descriptor.
	///
	/// # References
	/// - [Apple]
	/// - [FreeBSD]
	/// - [OpenBSD]
	/// - [NetBSD]
	/// - [DragonflyBSD]
	///
	/// [Apple]: https://developer.apple.com/library/archive/documentation/System/Conceptual/ManPages_iPhoneOS/man2/kqueue.2.html
	/// [FreeBSD]: https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=kqueue&sektion=2
	/// [OpenBSD]: https://man.openbsd.org/kqueue.2
	/// [NetBSD]: https://man.netbsd.org/kqueue.2
	/// [DragonflyBSD]: https://www.dragonflybsd.org/cgi/web-man/?command=kqueue
	pub fn kqueue() -> io::Result<OwnedFd> {
	syscalls::kqueue()
	}

	/// `kevent(kqueue, changelist, eventlist, timeout)`—Wait for events on a
	/// `kqueue`.
	///
	/// Note: in order to receive events, make sure to allocate capacity in the
	/// eventlist! Otherwise, the function will return immediately.
	///
	/// # Safety
	///
	/// The file descriptors referred to by the `Event` structs must be valid for
	/// the lifetime of the `kqueue` file descriptor.
	///
	/// # References
	/// - [Apple]
	/// - [FreeBSD]
	/// - [OpenBSD]
	/// - [NetBSD]
	/// - [DragonflyBSD]
	///
	/// [Apple]: https://developer.apple.com/library/archive/documentation/System/Conceptual/ManPages_iPhoneOS/man2/kevent.2.html
	/// [FreeBSD]: https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=kevent&sektion=2
	/// [OpenBSD]: https://man.openbsd.org/kevent.2
	/// [NetBSD]: https://man.netbsd.org/kevent.2
	/// [DragonflyBSD]: https://www.dragonflybsd.org/cgi/web-man/?command=kevent
	pub unsafe fn kevent(
	kqueue: impl AsFd,
	changelist: &[Event],
	eventlist: &mut Vec<Event>,
	timeout: Option<Duration>,
	) -> io::Result<usize> {
	let timeout = timeout.map(\|timeout\| crate::backend::c::timespec {
	tv_sec: timeout.as_secs() as _,
	tv_nsec: timeout.subsec_nanos() as _,
	});

	// Populate the event list with events.
	eventlist.set_len(0);
	let out_slice =
	slice_from_raw_parts_mut(eventlist.as_mut_ptr() as *mut _, eventlist.capacity());
	let res = syscalls::kevent(
	kqueue.as_fd(),
	changelist,
	&mut *out_slice,
	timeout.as_ref(),
	)
	.map(\|res\| res as _);

	// Update the event list.
	if let Ok(len) = res {
	eventlist.set_len(len);
	}

	res
	}