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| <span class="target" id="manual:cmake-language(7)"></span><div class="section" id="cmake-language-7"> |
| <h1><a class="toc-backref" href="#id9">cmake-language(7)</a><a class="headerlink" href="#cmake-language-7" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h1> |
| <div class="contents topic" id="contents"> |
| <p class="topic-title first">Contents</p> |
| <ul class="simple"> |
| <li><a class="reference internal" href="#cmake-language-7" id="id9">cmake-language(7)</a><ul> |
| <li><a class="reference internal" href="#organization" id="id10">Organization</a><ul> |
| <li><a class="reference internal" href="#directories" id="id11">Directories</a></li> |
| <li><a class="reference internal" href="#scripts" id="id12">Scripts</a></li> |
| <li><a class="reference internal" href="#modules" id="id13">Modules</a></li> |
| </ul> |
| </li> |
| <li><a class="reference internal" href="#syntax" id="id14">Syntax</a><ul> |
| <li><a class="reference internal" href="#encoding" id="id15">Encoding</a></li> |
| <li><a class="reference internal" href="#source-files" id="id16">Source Files</a></li> |
| <li><a class="reference internal" href="#command-invocations" id="id17">Command Invocations</a></li> |
| <li><a class="reference internal" href="#command-arguments" id="id18">Command Arguments</a><ul> |
| <li><a class="reference internal" href="#bracket-argument" id="id19">Bracket Argument</a></li> |
| <li><a class="reference internal" href="#quoted-argument" id="id20">Quoted Argument</a></li> |
| <li><a class="reference internal" href="#unquoted-argument" id="id21">Unquoted Argument</a></li> |
| </ul> |
| </li> |
| <li><a class="reference internal" href="#escape-sequences" id="id22">Escape Sequences</a></li> |
| <li><a class="reference internal" href="#variable-references" id="id23">Variable References</a></li> |
| <li><a class="reference internal" href="#comments" id="id24">Comments</a><ul> |
| <li><a class="reference internal" href="#bracket-comment" id="id25">Bracket Comment</a></li> |
| <li><a class="reference internal" href="#line-comment" id="id26">Line Comment</a></li> |
| </ul> |
| </li> |
| </ul> |
| </li> |
| <li><a class="reference internal" href="#control-structures" id="id27">Control Structures</a><ul> |
| <li><a class="reference internal" href="#conditional-blocks" id="id28">Conditional Blocks</a></li> |
| <li><a class="reference internal" href="#loops" id="id29">Loops</a></li> |
| <li><a class="reference internal" href="#command-definitions" id="id30">Command Definitions</a></li> |
| </ul> |
| </li> |
| <li><a class="reference internal" href="#variables" id="id31">Variables</a></li> |
| <li><a class="reference internal" href="#lists" id="id32">Lists</a></li> |
| </ul> |
| </li> |
| </ul> |
| </div> |
| <div class="section" id="organization"> |
| <h2><a class="toc-backref" href="#id10">Organization</a><a class="headerlink" href="#organization" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2> |
| <p>CMake input files are written in the “CMake Language” in source files |
| named <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">CMakeLists.txt</span></code> or ending in a <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">.cmake</span></code> file name extension.</p> |
| <p>CMake Language source files in a project are organized into:</p> |
| <ul class="simple"> |
| <li><a class="reference internal" href="#directories">Directories</a> (<code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">CMakeLists.txt</span></code>),</li> |
| <li><a class="reference internal" href="#scripts">Scripts</a> (<code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre"><script>.cmake</span></code>), and</li> |
| <li><a class="reference internal" href="#modules">Modules</a> (<code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre"><module>.cmake</span></code>).</li> |
| </ul> |
| <div class="section" id="directories"> |
| <h3><a class="toc-backref" href="#id11">Directories</a><a class="headerlink" href="#directories" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h3> |
| <p>When CMake processes a project source tree, the entry point is |
| a source file called <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">CMakeLists.txt</span></code> in the top-level source |
| directory. This file may contain the entire build specification |
| or use the <span class="target" id="index-0-command:add_subdirectory"></span><a class="reference internal" href="../command/add_subdirectory.html#command:add_subdirectory" title="add_subdirectory"><code class="xref cmake cmake-command docutils literal"><span class="pre">add_subdirectory()</span></code></a> command to add subdirectories |
| to the build. Each subdirectory added by the command must also |
| contain a <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">CMakeLists.txt</span></code> file as the entry point to that |
| directory. For each source directory whose <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">CMakeLists.txt</span></code> file |
| is processed CMake generates a corresponding directory in the build |
| tree to act as the default working and output directory.</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="section" id="scripts"> |
| <h3><a class="toc-backref" href="#id12">Scripts</a><a class="headerlink" href="#scripts" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h3> |
| <p>An individual <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre"><script>.cmake</span></code> source file may be processed |
| in <em>script mode</em> by using the <span class="target" id="index-0-manual:cmake(1)"></span><a class="reference internal" href="cmake.1.html#manual:cmake(1)" title="cmake(1)"><code class="xref cmake cmake-manual docutils literal"><span class="pre">cmake(1)</span></code></a> command-line tool |
| with the <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">-P</span></code> option. Script mode simply runs the commands in |
| the given CMake Language source file and does not generate a |
| build system. It does not allow CMake commands that define build |
| targets or actions.</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="section" id="modules"> |
| <h3><a class="toc-backref" href="#id13">Modules</a><a class="headerlink" href="#modules" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h3> |
| <p>CMake Language code in either <a class="reference internal" href="#directories">Directories</a> or <a class="reference internal" href="#scripts">Scripts</a> may |
| use the <span class="target" id="index-0-command:include"></span><a class="reference internal" href="../command/include.html#command:include" title="include"><code class="xref cmake cmake-command docutils literal"><span class="pre">include()</span></code></a> command to load a <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre"><module>.cmake</span></code> |
| source file in the scope of the including context. |
| See the <span class="target" id="index-0-manual:cmake-modules(7)"></span><a class="reference internal" href="cmake-modules.7.html#manual:cmake-modules(7)" title="cmake-modules(7)"><code class="xref cmake cmake-manual docutils literal"><span class="pre">cmake-modules(7)</span></code></a> manual page for documentation |
| of modules included with the CMake distribution. |
| Project source trees may also provide their own modules and |
| specify their location(s) in the <span class="target" id="index-0-variable:CMAKE_MODULE_PATH"></span><a class="reference internal" href="../variable/CMAKE_MODULE_PATH.html#variable:CMAKE_MODULE_PATH" title="CMAKE_MODULE_PATH"><code class="xref cmake cmake-variable docutils literal"><span class="pre">CMAKE_MODULE_PATH</span></code></a> |
| variable.</p> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| <div class="section" id="syntax"> |
| <h2><a class="toc-backref" href="#id14">Syntax</a><a class="headerlink" href="#syntax" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2> |
| <div class="section" id="encoding"> |
| <span id="cmake-language-encoding"></span><h3><a class="toc-backref" href="#id15">Encoding</a><a class="headerlink" href="#encoding" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h3> |
| <p>A CMake Language source file may be written in 7-bit ASCII text for |
| maximum portability across all supported platforms. Newlines may be |
| encoded as either <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">\n</span></code> or <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">\r\n</span></code> but will be converted to <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">\n</span></code> |
| as input files are read.</p> |
| <p>Note that the implementation is 8-bit clean so source files may |
| be encoded as UTF-8 on platforms with system APIs supporting this |
| encoding. In addition, CMake 3.2 and above support source files |
| encoded in UTF-8 on Windows (using UTF-16 to call system APIs). |
| Furthermore, CMake 3.0 and above allow a leading UTF-8 |
| <a class="reference external" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Byte_order_mark">Byte-Order Mark</a> in source files.</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="section" id="source-files"> |
| <h3><a class="toc-backref" href="#id16">Source Files</a><a class="headerlink" href="#source-files" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h3> |
| <p>A CMake Language source file consists of zero or more |
| <a class="reference internal" href="#command-invocations">Command Invocations</a> separated by newlines and optionally |
| spaces and <a class="reference internal" href="#comments">Comments</a>:</p> |
| <pre> |
| <strong id="grammar-token-file">file </strong> ::= <a class="reference internal" href="#grammar-token-file_element"><code class="xref docutils literal"><span class="pre">file_element</span></code></a>* |
| <strong id="grammar-token-file_element">file_element</strong> ::= <a class="reference internal" href="#grammar-token-command_invocation"><code class="xref docutils literal"><span class="pre">command_invocation</span></code></a> <a class="reference internal" href="#grammar-token-line_ending"><code class="xref docutils literal"><span class="pre">line_ending</span></code></a> | |
| (<a class="reference internal" href="#grammar-token-bracket_comment"><code class="xref docutils literal"><span class="pre">bracket_comment</span></code></a>|<a class="reference internal" href="#grammar-token-space"><code class="xref docutils literal"><span class="pre">space</span></code></a>)* <a class="reference internal" href="#grammar-token-line_ending"><code class="xref docutils literal"><span class="pre">line_ending</span></code></a> |
| <strong id="grammar-token-line_ending">line_ending </strong> ::= <a class="reference internal" href="#grammar-token-line_comment"><code class="xref docutils literal"><span class="pre">line_comment</span></code></a>? <a class="reference internal" href="#grammar-token-newline"><code class="xref docutils literal"><span class="pre">newline</span></code></a> |
| <strong id="grammar-token-space">space </strong> ::= <match '[ \t]+'> |
| <strong id="grammar-token-newline">newline </strong> ::= <match '\n'> |
| </pre> |
| <p>Note that any source file line not inside <a class="reference internal" href="#command-arguments">Command Arguments</a> or |
| a <a class="reference internal" href="#bracket-comment">Bracket Comment</a> can end in a <a class="reference internal" href="#line-comment">Line Comment</a>.</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="section" id="command-invocations"> |
| <span id="id1"></span><h3><a class="toc-backref" href="#id17">Command Invocations</a><a class="headerlink" href="#command-invocations" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h3> |
| <p>A <em>command invocation</em> is a name followed by paren-enclosed arguments |
| separated by whitespace:</p> |
| <pre> |
| <strong id="grammar-token-command_invocation">command_invocation </strong> ::= <a class="reference internal" href="#grammar-token-space"><code class="xref docutils literal"><span class="pre">space</span></code></a>* <a class="reference internal" href="#grammar-token-identifier"><code class="xref docutils literal"><span class="pre">identifier</span></code></a> <a class="reference internal" href="#grammar-token-space"><code class="xref docutils literal"><span class="pre">space</span></code></a>* '(' <a class="reference internal" href="#grammar-token-arguments"><code class="xref docutils literal"><span class="pre">arguments</span></code></a> ')' |
| <strong id="grammar-token-identifier">identifier </strong> ::= <match '[A-Za-z_][A-Za-z0-9_]*'> |
| <strong id="grammar-token-arguments">arguments </strong> ::= <a class="reference internal" href="#grammar-token-argument"><code class="xref docutils literal"><span class="pre">argument</span></code></a>? <a class="reference internal" href="#grammar-token-separated_arguments"><code class="xref docutils literal"><span class="pre">separated_arguments</span></code></a>* |
| <strong id="grammar-token-separated_arguments">separated_arguments</strong> ::= <a class="reference internal" href="#grammar-token-separation"><code class="xref docutils literal"><span class="pre">separation</span></code></a>+ <a class="reference internal" href="#grammar-token-argument"><code class="xref docutils literal"><span class="pre">argument</span></code></a>? | |
| <a class="reference internal" href="#grammar-token-separation"><code class="xref docutils literal"><span class="pre">separation</span></code></a>* '(' <a class="reference internal" href="#grammar-token-arguments"><code class="xref docutils literal"><span class="pre">arguments</span></code></a> ')' |
| <strong id="grammar-token-separation">separation </strong> ::= <a class="reference internal" href="#grammar-token-space"><code class="xref docutils literal"><span class="pre">space</span></code></a> | <a class="reference internal" href="#grammar-token-line_ending"><code class="xref docutils literal"><span class="pre">line_ending</span></code></a> |
| </pre> |
| <p>For example:</p> |
| <div class="highlight-cmake"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="nb">add_executable</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">hello</span> <span class="s">world.c</span><span class="p">)</span> |
| </pre></div> |
| </div> |
| <p>Command names are case-insensitive. |
| Nested unquoted parentheses in the arguments must balance. |
| Each <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">(</span></code> or <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">)</span></code> is given to the command invocation as |
| a literal <a class="reference internal" href="#unquoted-argument">Unquoted Argument</a>. This may be used in calls |
| to the <span class="target" id="index-0-command:if"></span><a class="reference internal" href="../command/if.html#command:if" title="if"><code class="xref cmake cmake-command docutils literal"><span class="pre">if()</span></code></a> command to enclose conditions. |
| For example:</p> |
| <div class="highlight-cmake"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="nb">if</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">FALSE</span> <span class="s">AND</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="s">FALSE</span> <span class="s">OR</span> <span class="s">TRUE</span><span class="p">))</span> <span class="c"># evaluates to FALSE</span> |
| </pre></div> |
| </div> |
| <div class="admonition note"> |
| <p class="first admonition-title">Note</p> |
| <p>CMake versions prior to 3.0 require command name identifiers |
| to be at least 2 characters.</p> |
| <p class="last">CMake versions prior to 2.8.12 silently accept an <a class="reference internal" href="#unquoted-argument">Unquoted Argument</a> |
| or a <a class="reference internal" href="#quoted-argument">Quoted Argument</a> immediately following a <a class="reference internal" href="#quoted-argument">Quoted Argument</a> and |
| not separated by any whitespace. For compatibility, CMake 2.8.12 and |
| higher accept such code but produce a warning.</p> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| <div class="section" id="command-arguments"> |
| <h3><a class="toc-backref" href="#id18">Command Arguments</a><a class="headerlink" href="#command-arguments" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h3> |
| <p>There are three types of arguments within <a class="reference internal" href="#command-invocations">Command Invocations</a>:</p> |
| <pre> |
| <strong id="grammar-token-argument">argument</strong> ::= <a class="reference internal" href="#grammar-token-bracket_argument"><code class="xref docutils literal"><span class="pre">bracket_argument</span></code></a> | <a class="reference internal" href="#grammar-token-quoted_argument"><code class="xref docutils literal"><span class="pre">quoted_argument</span></code></a> | <a class="reference internal" href="#grammar-token-unquoted_argument"><code class="xref docutils literal"><span class="pre">unquoted_argument</span></code></a> |
| </pre> |
| <div class="section" id="bracket-argument"> |
| <span id="id2"></span><h4><a class="toc-backref" href="#id19">Bracket Argument</a><a class="headerlink" href="#bracket-argument" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h4> |
| <p>A <em>bracket argument</em>, inspired by <a class="reference external" href="http://www.lua.org/">Lua</a> long bracket syntax, |
| encloses content between opening and closing “brackets” of the |
| same length:</p> |
| <pre> |
| <strong id="grammar-token-bracket_argument">bracket_argument</strong> ::= <a class="reference internal" href="#grammar-token-bracket_open"><code class="xref docutils literal"><span class="pre">bracket_open</span></code></a> <a class="reference internal" href="#grammar-token-bracket_content"><code class="xref docutils literal"><span class="pre">bracket_content</span></code></a> <a class="reference internal" href="#grammar-token-bracket_close"><code class="xref docutils literal"><span class="pre">bracket_close</span></code></a> |
| <strong id="grammar-token-bracket_open">bracket_open </strong> ::= '[' '='{len} '[' |
| <strong id="grammar-token-bracket_content">bracket_content </strong> ::= <any text not containing a <a class="reference internal" href="#grammar-token-bracket_close"><code class="xref docutils literal"><span class="pre">bracket_close</span></code></a> |
| of the same {len} as the <a class="reference internal" href="#grammar-token-bracket_open"><code class="xref docutils literal"><span class="pre">bracket_open</span></code></a>> |
| <strong id="grammar-token-bracket_close">bracket_close </strong> ::= ']' '='{len} ']' |
| </pre> |
| <p>An opening bracket of length <em>len >= 0</em> is written <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">[</span></code> followed |
| by <em>len</em> <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">=</span></code> followed by <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">[</span></code> and the corresponding closing |
| bracket is written <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">]</span></code> followed by <em>len</em> <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">=</span></code> followed by <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">]</span></code>. |
| Brackets do not nest. A unique length may always be chosen |
| for the opening and closing brackets to contain closing brackets |
| of other lengths.</p> |
| <p>Bracket argument content consists of all text between the opening |
| and closing brackets, except that one newline immediately following |
| the opening bracket, if any, is ignored. No evaluation of the |
| enclosed content, such as <a class="reference internal" href="#escape-sequences">Escape Sequences</a> or <a class="reference internal" href="#variable-references">Variable References</a>, |
| is performed. A bracket argument is always given to the command |
| invocation as exactly one argument.</p> |
| <p>For example:</p> |
| <div class="highlight-cmake"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="nb">message</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">[=[</span> |
| <span class="s">This</span> <span class="s">is</span> <span class="s">the</span> <span class="s">first</span> <span class="s">line</span> <span class="s">in</span> <span class="s">a</span> <span class="s">bracket</span> <span class="s">argument</span> <span class="s">with</span> <span class="s">bracket</span> <span class="s">length</span> <span class="s">1.</span> |
| <span class="s">No</span> <span class="s">\-escape</span> <span class="s">sequences</span> <span class="s">or</span> <span class="o">${</span><span class="nv">variable</span><span class="o">}</span> <span class="s">references</span> <span class="s">are</span> <span class="s">evaluated.</span> |
| <span class="s">This</span> <span class="s">is</span> <span class="s">always</span> <span class="s">one</span> <span class="s">argument</span> <span class="s">even</span> <span class="s">though</span> <span class="s">it</span> <span class="s">contains</span> <span class="s">a</span> <span class="s">;</span> <span class="s">character.</span> |
| <span class="s">The</span> <span class="s">text</span> <span class="s">does</span> <span class="s">not</span> <span class="s">end</span> <span class="s">on</span> <span class="s">a</span> <span class="s">closing</span> <span class="s">bracket</span> <span class="s">of</span> <span class="s">length</span> <span class="s">0</span> <span class="s">like</span> <span class="s">]].</span> |
| <span class="s">It</span> <span class="s">does</span> <span class="s">end</span> <span class="s">in</span> <span class="s">a</span> <span class="s">closing</span> <span class="s">bracket</span> <span class="s">of</span> <span class="s">length</span> <span class="s">1.</span> |
| <span class="s">]=]</span><span class="p">)</span> |
| </pre></div> |
| </div> |
| <div class="admonition note"> |
| <p class="first admonition-title">Note</p> |
| <p class="last">CMake versions prior to 3.0 do not support bracket arguments. |
| They interpret the opening bracket as the start of an |
| <a class="reference internal" href="#unquoted-argument">Unquoted Argument</a>.</p> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| <div class="section" id="quoted-argument"> |
| <span id="id3"></span><h4><a class="toc-backref" href="#id20">Quoted Argument</a><a class="headerlink" href="#quoted-argument" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h4> |
| <p>A <em>quoted argument</em> encloses content between opening and closing |
| double-quote characters:</p> |
| <pre> |
| <strong id="grammar-token-quoted_argument">quoted_argument </strong> ::= '"' <a class="reference internal" href="#grammar-token-quoted_element"><code class="xref docutils literal"><span class="pre">quoted_element</span></code></a>* '"' |
| <strong id="grammar-token-quoted_element">quoted_element </strong> ::= <any character except '\' or '"'> | |
| <a class="reference internal" href="#grammar-token-escape_sequence"><code class="xref docutils literal"><span class="pre">escape_sequence</span></code></a> | |
| <a class="reference internal" href="#grammar-token-quoted_continuation"><code class="xref docutils literal"><span class="pre">quoted_continuation</span></code></a> |
| <strong id="grammar-token-quoted_continuation">quoted_continuation</strong> ::= '\' <a class="reference internal" href="#grammar-token-newline"><code class="xref docutils literal"><span class="pre">newline</span></code></a> |
| </pre> |
| <p>Quoted argument content consists of all text between opening and |
| closing quotes. Both <a class="reference internal" href="#escape-sequences">Escape Sequences</a> and <a class="reference internal" href="#variable-references">Variable References</a> |
| are evaluated. A quoted argument is always given to the command |
| invocation as exactly one argument.</p> |
| <p>For example:</p> |
| <div class="highlight-default"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span>message("This is a quoted argument containing multiple lines. |
| This is always one argument even though it contains a ; character. |
| Both \\-escape sequences and ${variable} references are evaluated. |
| The text does not end on an escaped double-quote like \". |
| It does end in an unescaped double quote. |
| ") |
| </pre></div> |
| </div> |
| <p>The final <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">\</span></code> on any line ending in an odd number of backslashes |
| is treated as a line continuation and ignored along with the |
| immediately following newline character. For example:</p> |
| <div class="highlight-cmake"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="nb">message</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">"\</span> |
| <span class="s2">This is the first line of a quoted argument. \</span> |
| <span class="s2">In fact it is the only line but since it is long \</span> |
| <span class="s2">the source code uses line continuation.\</span> |
| <span class="s2">"</span><span class="p">)</span> |
| </pre></div> |
| </div> |
| <div class="admonition note"> |
| <p class="first admonition-title">Note</p> |
| <p class="last">CMake versions prior to 3.0 do not support continuation with <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">\</span></code>. |
| They report errors in quoted arguments containing lines ending in |
| an odd number of <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">\</span></code> characters.</p> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| <div class="section" id="unquoted-argument"> |
| <span id="id4"></span><h4><a class="toc-backref" href="#id21">Unquoted Argument</a><a class="headerlink" href="#unquoted-argument" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h4> |
| <p>An <em>unquoted argument</em> is not enclosed by any quoting syntax. |
| It may not contain any whitespace, <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">(</span></code>, <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">)</span></code>, <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">#</span></code>, <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">"</span></code>, or <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">\</span></code> |
| except when escaped by a backslash:</p> |
| <pre> |
| <strong id="grammar-token-unquoted_argument">unquoted_argument</strong> ::= <a class="reference internal" href="#grammar-token-unquoted_element"><code class="xref docutils literal"><span class="pre">unquoted_element</span></code></a>+ | <a class="reference internal" href="#grammar-token-unquoted_legacy"><code class="xref docutils literal"><span class="pre">unquoted_legacy</span></code></a> |
| <strong id="grammar-token-unquoted_element">unquoted_element </strong> ::= <any character except whitespace or one of '()#"\'> | |
| <a class="reference internal" href="#grammar-token-escape_sequence"><code class="xref docutils literal"><span class="pre">escape_sequence</span></code></a> |
| <strong id="grammar-token-unquoted_legacy">unquoted_legacy </strong> ::= <see note in text> |
| </pre> |
| <p>Unquoted argument content consists of all text in a contiguous block |
| of allowed or escaped characters. Both <a class="reference internal" href="#escape-sequences">Escape Sequences</a> and |
| <a class="reference internal" href="#variable-references">Variable References</a> are evaluated. The resulting value is divided |
| in the same way <a class="reference internal" href="#lists">Lists</a> divide into elements. Each non-empty element |
| is given to the command invocation as an argument. Therefore an |
| unquoted argument may be given to a command invocation as zero or |
| more arguments.</p> |
| <p>For example:</p> |
| <div class="highlight-cmake"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="nb">foreach</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">arg</span> |
| <span class="s">NoSpace</span> |
| <span class="s">Escaped\</span> <span class="s">Space</span> |
| <span class="s">This;Divides;Into;Five;Arguments</span> |
| <span class="s">Escaped\;Semicolon</span> |
| <span class="p">)</span> |
| <span class="nb">message</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">"${arg}"</span><span class="p">)</span> |
| <span class="nb">endforeach</span><span class="p">()</span> |
| </pre></div> |
| </div> |
| <div class="admonition note"> |
| <p class="first admonition-title">Note</p> |
| <p>To support legacy CMake code, unquoted arguments may also contain |
| double-quoted strings (<code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">"..."</span></code>, possibly enclosing horizontal |
| whitespace), and make-style variable references (<code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">$(MAKEVAR)</span></code>).</p> |
| <p>Unescaped double-quotes must balance, may not appear at the |
| beginning of an unquoted argument, and are treated as part of the |
| content. For example, the unquoted arguments <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">-Da="b</span> <span class="pre">c"</span></code>, |
| <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">-Da=$(v)</span></code>, and <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">a"</span> <span class="pre">"b"c"d</span></code> are each interpreted literally.</p> |
| <p>Make-style references are treated literally as part of the content |
| and do not undergo variable expansion. They are treated as part |
| of a single argument (rather than as separate <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">$</span></code>, <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">(</span></code>, |
| <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">MAKEVAR</span></code>, and <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">)</span></code> arguments).</p> |
| <p class="last">The above “unquoted_legacy” production represents such arguments. |
| We do not recommend using legacy unquoted arguments in new code. |
| Instead use a <a class="reference internal" href="#quoted-argument">Quoted Argument</a> or a <a class="reference internal" href="#bracket-argument">Bracket Argument</a> to |
| represent the content.</p> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| <div class="section" id="escape-sequences"> |
| <span id="id5"></span><h3><a class="toc-backref" href="#id22">Escape Sequences</a><a class="headerlink" href="#escape-sequences" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h3> |
| <p>An <em>escape sequence</em> is a <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">\</span></code> followed by one character:</p> |
| <pre> |
| <strong id="grammar-token-escape_sequence">escape_sequence </strong> ::= <a class="reference internal" href="#grammar-token-escape_identity"><code class="xref docutils literal"><span class="pre">escape_identity</span></code></a> | <a class="reference internal" href="#grammar-token-escape_encoded"><code class="xref docutils literal"><span class="pre">escape_encoded</span></code></a> | <a class="reference internal" href="#grammar-token-escape_semicolon"><code class="xref docutils literal"><span class="pre">escape_semicolon</span></code></a> |
| <strong id="grammar-token-escape_identity">escape_identity </strong> ::= '\' <match '[^A-Za-z0-9;]'> |
| <strong id="grammar-token-escape_encoded">escape_encoded </strong> ::= '\t' | '\r' | '\n' |
| <strong id="grammar-token-escape_semicolon">escape_semicolon</strong> ::= '\;' |
| </pre> |
| <p>A <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">\</span></code> followed by a non-alphanumeric character simply encodes the literal |
| character without interpreting it as syntax. A <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">\t</span></code>, <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">\r</span></code>, or <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">\n</span></code> |
| encodes a tab, carriage return, or newline character, respectively. A <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">\;</span></code> |
| outside of any <a class="reference internal" href="#variable-references">Variable References</a> encodes itself but may be used in an |
| <a class="reference internal" href="#unquoted-argument">Unquoted Argument</a> to encode the <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">;</span></code> without dividing the argument |
| value on it. A <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">\;</span></code> inside <a class="reference internal" href="#variable-references">Variable References</a> encodes the literal |
| <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">;</span></code> character. (See also policy <span class="target" id="index-0-policy:CMP0053"></span><a class="reference internal" href="../policy/CMP0053.html#policy:CMP0053" title="CMP0053"><code class="xref cmake cmake-policy docutils literal"><span class="pre">CMP0053</span></code></a> documentation for |
| historical considerations.)</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="section" id="variable-references"> |
| <span id="id6"></span><h3><a class="toc-backref" href="#id23">Variable References</a><a class="headerlink" href="#variable-references" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h3> |
| <p>A <em>variable reference</em> has the form <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">${variable_name}</span></code> and is |
| evaluated inside a <a class="reference internal" href="#quoted-argument">Quoted Argument</a> or an <a class="reference internal" href="#unquoted-argument">Unquoted Argument</a>. |
| A variable reference is replaced by the value of the variable, |
| or by the empty string if the variable is not set. |
| Variable references can nest and are evaluated from the |
| inside out, e.g. <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">${outer_${inner_variable}_variable}</span></code>.</p> |
| <p>Literal variable references may consist of alphanumeric characters, |
| the characters <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">/_.+-</span></code>, and <a class="reference internal" href="#escape-sequences">Escape Sequences</a>. Nested references |
| may be used to evaluate variables of any name. (See also policy |
| <span class="target" id="index-1-policy:CMP0053"></span><a class="reference internal" href="../policy/CMP0053.html#policy:CMP0053" title="CMP0053"><code class="xref cmake cmake-policy docutils literal"><span class="pre">CMP0053</span></code></a> documentation for historical considerations.)</p> |
| <p>The <a class="reference internal" href="#variables">Variables</a> section documents the scope of variable names |
| and how their values are set.</p> |
| <p>An <em>environment variable reference</em> has the form <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">$ENV{VAR}</span></code> and |
| is evaluated in the same contexts as a normal variable reference.</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="section" id="comments"> |
| <h3><a class="toc-backref" href="#id24">Comments</a><a class="headerlink" href="#comments" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h3> |
| <p>A comment starts with a <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">#</span></code> character that is not inside a |
| <a class="reference internal" href="#bracket-argument">Bracket Argument</a>, <a class="reference internal" href="#quoted-argument">Quoted Argument</a>, or escaped with <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">\</span></code> |
| as part of an <a class="reference internal" href="#unquoted-argument">Unquoted Argument</a>. There are two types of |
| comments: a <a class="reference internal" href="#bracket-comment">Bracket Comment</a> and a <a class="reference internal" href="#line-comment">Line Comment</a>.</p> |
| <div class="section" id="bracket-comment"> |
| <span id="id7"></span><h4><a class="toc-backref" href="#id25">Bracket Comment</a><a class="headerlink" href="#bracket-comment" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h4> |
| <p>A <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">#</span></code> immediately followed by a <a class="reference internal" href="#bracket-argument">Bracket Argument</a> forms a |
| <em>bracket comment</em> consisting of the entire bracket enclosure:</p> |
| <pre> |
| <strong id="grammar-token-bracket_comment">bracket_comment</strong> ::= '#' <a class="reference internal" href="#grammar-token-bracket_argument"><code class="xref docutils literal"><span class="pre">bracket_argument</span></code></a> |
| </pre> |
| <p>For example:</p> |
| <div class="highlight-default"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="c1">#[[This is a bracket comment.</span> |
| <span class="n">It</span> <span class="n">runs</span> <span class="n">until</span> <span class="n">the</span> <span class="n">close</span> <span class="n">bracket</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="p">]]</span> |
| <span class="n">message</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">"First Argument</span><span class="se">\n</span><span class="s2">"</span> <span class="c1">#[[Bracket Comment]] "Second Argument")</span> |
| </pre></div> |
| </div> |
| <div class="admonition note"> |
| <p class="first admonition-title">Note</p> |
| <p class="last">CMake versions prior to 3.0 do not support bracket comments. |
| They interpret the opening <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">#</span></code> as the start of a <a class="reference internal" href="#line-comment">Line Comment</a>.</p> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| <div class="section" id="line-comment"> |
| <span id="id8"></span><h4><a class="toc-backref" href="#id26">Line Comment</a><a class="headerlink" href="#line-comment" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h4> |
| <p>A <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">#</span></code> not immediately followed by a <a class="reference internal" href="#bracket-argument">Bracket Argument</a> forms a |
| <em>line comment</em> that runs until the end of the line:</p> |
| <pre> |
| <strong id="grammar-token-line_comment">line_comment</strong> ::= '#' <any text not starting in a <a class="reference internal" href="#grammar-token-bracket_argument"><code class="xref docutils literal"><span class="pre">bracket_argument</span></code></a> |
| and not containing a <a class="reference internal" href="#grammar-token-newline"><code class="xref docutils literal"><span class="pre">newline</span></code></a>> |
| </pre> |
| <p>For example:</p> |
| <div class="highlight-cmake"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="c"># This is a line comment.</span> |
| <span class="nb">message</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">"First Argument\n"</span> <span class="c"># This is a line comment :)</span> |
| <span class="s2">"Second Argument"</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="c"># This is a line comment.</span> |
| </pre></div> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| <div class="section" id="control-structures"> |
| <h2><a class="toc-backref" href="#id27">Control Structures</a><a class="headerlink" href="#control-structures" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2> |
| <div class="section" id="conditional-blocks"> |
| <h3><a class="toc-backref" href="#id28">Conditional Blocks</a><a class="headerlink" href="#conditional-blocks" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h3> |
| <p>The <span class="target" id="index-1-command:if"></span><a class="reference internal" href="../command/if.html#command:if" title="if"><code class="xref cmake cmake-command docutils literal"><span class="pre">if()</span></code></a>/<span class="target" id="index-0-command:elseif"></span><a class="reference internal" href="../command/elseif.html#command:elseif" title="elseif"><code class="xref cmake cmake-command docutils literal"><span class="pre">elseif()</span></code></a>/<span class="target" id="index-0-command:else"></span><a class="reference internal" href="../command/else.html#command:else" title="else"><code class="xref cmake cmake-command docutils literal"><span class="pre">else()</span></code></a>/<span class="target" id="index-0-command:endif"></span><a class="reference internal" href="../command/endif.html#command:endif" title="endif"><code class="xref cmake cmake-command docutils literal"><span class="pre">endif()</span></code></a> |
| commands delimit code blocks to be executed conditionally.</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="section" id="loops"> |
| <h3><a class="toc-backref" href="#id29">Loops</a><a class="headerlink" href="#loops" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h3> |
| <p>The <span class="target" id="index-0-command:foreach"></span><a class="reference internal" href="../command/foreach.html#command:foreach" title="foreach"><code class="xref cmake cmake-command docutils literal"><span class="pre">foreach()</span></code></a>/<span class="target" id="index-0-command:endforeach"></span><a class="reference internal" href="../command/endforeach.html#command:endforeach" title="endforeach"><code class="xref cmake cmake-command docutils literal"><span class="pre">endforeach()</span></code></a> and |
| <span class="target" id="index-0-command:while"></span><a class="reference internal" href="../command/while.html#command:while" title="while"><code class="xref cmake cmake-command docutils literal"><span class="pre">while()</span></code></a>/<span class="target" id="index-0-command:endwhile"></span><a class="reference internal" href="../command/endwhile.html#command:endwhile" title="endwhile"><code class="xref cmake cmake-command docutils literal"><span class="pre">endwhile()</span></code></a> commands delimit code |
| blocks to be executed in a loop. Inside such blocks the |
| <span class="target" id="index-0-command:break"></span><a class="reference internal" href="../command/break.html#command:break" title="break"><code class="xref cmake cmake-command docutils literal"><span class="pre">break()</span></code></a> command may be used to terminate the loop |
| early whereas the <span class="target" id="index-0-command:continue"></span><a class="reference internal" href="../command/continue.html#command:continue" title="continue"><code class="xref cmake cmake-command docutils literal"><span class="pre">continue()</span></code></a> command may be used |
| to start with the next iteration immediately.</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="section" id="command-definitions"> |
| <h3><a class="toc-backref" href="#id30">Command Definitions</a><a class="headerlink" href="#command-definitions" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h3> |
| <p>The <span class="target" id="index-0-command:macro"></span><a class="reference internal" href="../command/macro.html#command:macro" title="macro"><code class="xref cmake cmake-command docutils literal"><span class="pre">macro()</span></code></a>/<span class="target" id="index-0-command:endmacro"></span><a class="reference internal" href="../command/endmacro.html#command:endmacro" title="endmacro"><code class="xref cmake cmake-command docutils literal"><span class="pre">endmacro()</span></code></a>, and |
| <span class="target" id="index-0-command:function"></span><a class="reference internal" href="../command/function.html#command:function" title="function"><code class="xref cmake cmake-command docutils literal"><span class="pre">function()</span></code></a>/<span class="target" id="index-0-command:endfunction"></span><a class="reference internal" href="../command/endfunction.html#command:endfunction" title="endfunction"><code class="xref cmake cmake-command docutils literal"><span class="pre">endfunction()</span></code></a> commands delimit |
| code blocks to be recorded for later invocation as commands.</p> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| <div class="section" id="variables"> |
| <span id="cmake-language-variables"></span><h2><a class="toc-backref" href="#id31">Variables</a><a class="headerlink" href="#variables" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2> |
| <p>Variables are the basic unit of storage in the CMake Language. |
| Their values are always of string type, though some commands may |
| interpret the strings as values of other types. |
| The <span class="target" id="index-0-command:set"></span><a class="reference internal" href="../command/set.html#command:set" title="set"><code class="xref cmake cmake-command docutils literal"><span class="pre">set()</span></code></a> and <span class="target" id="index-0-command:unset"></span><a class="reference internal" href="../command/unset.html#command:unset" title="unset"><code class="xref cmake cmake-command docutils literal"><span class="pre">unset()</span></code></a> commands explicitly |
| set or unset a variable, but other commands have semantics |
| that modify variables as well. |
| Variable names are case-sensitive and may consist of almost |
| any text, but we recommend sticking to names consisting only |
| of alphanumeric characters plus <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">_</span></code> and <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">-</span></code>.</p> |
| <p>Variables have dynamic scope. Each variable “set” or “unset” |
| creates a binding in the current scope:</p> |
| <dl class="docutils"> |
| <dt>Function Scope</dt> |
| <dd><a class="reference internal" href="#command-definitions">Command Definitions</a> created by the <span class="target" id="index-1-command:function"></span><a class="reference internal" href="../command/function.html#command:function" title="function"><code class="xref cmake cmake-command docutils literal"><span class="pre">function()</span></code></a> command |
| create commands that, when invoked, process the recorded commands |
| in a new variable binding scope. A variable “set” or “unset” |
| binds in this scope and is visible for the current function and |
| any nested calls, but not after the function returns.</dd> |
| <dt>Directory Scope</dt> |
| <dd><p class="first">Each of the <a class="reference internal" href="#directories">Directories</a> in a source tree has its own variable |
| bindings. Before processing the <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">CMakeLists.txt</span></code> file for a |
| directory, CMake copies all variable bindings currently defined |
| in the parent directory, if any, to initialize the new directory |
| scope. CMake <a class="reference internal" href="#scripts">Scripts</a>, when processed with <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">cmake</span> <span class="pre">-P</span></code>, bind |
| variables in one “directory” scope.</p> |
| <p class="last">A variable “set” or “unset” not inside a function call binds |
| to the current directory scope.</p> |
| </dd> |
| <dt>Persistent Cache</dt> |
| <dd>CMake stores a separate set of “cache” variables, or “cache entries”, |
| whose values persist across multiple runs within a project build |
| tree. Cache entries have an isolated binding scope modified only |
| by explicit request, such as by the <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">CACHE</span></code> option of the |
| <span class="target" id="index-1-command:set"></span><a class="reference internal" href="../command/set.html#command:set" title="set"><code class="xref cmake cmake-command docutils literal"><span class="pre">set()</span></code></a> and <span class="target" id="index-1-command:unset"></span><a class="reference internal" href="../command/unset.html#command:unset" title="unset"><code class="xref cmake cmake-command docutils literal"><span class="pre">unset()</span></code></a> commands.</dd> |
| </dl> |
| <p>When evaluating <a class="reference internal" href="#variable-references">Variable References</a>, CMake first searches the |
| function call stack, if any, for a binding and then falls back |
| to the binding in the current directory scope, if any. If a |
| “set” binding is found, its value is used. If an “unset” binding |
| is found, or no binding is found, CMake then searches for a |
| cache entry. If a cache entry is found, its value is used. |
| Otherwise, the variable reference evaluates to an empty string.</p> |
| <p>The <span class="target" id="index-0-manual:cmake-variables(7)"></span><a class="reference internal" href="cmake-variables.7.html#manual:cmake-variables(7)" title="cmake-variables(7)"><code class="xref cmake cmake-manual docutils literal"><span class="pre">cmake-variables(7)</span></code></a> manual documents many variables |
| that are provided by CMake or have meaning to CMake when set |
| by project code.</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="section" id="lists"> |
| <span id="cmake-language-lists"></span><h2><a class="toc-backref" href="#id32">Lists</a><a class="headerlink" href="#lists" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2> |
| <p>Although all values in CMake are stored as strings, a string |
| may be treated as a list in certain contexts, such as during |
| evaluation of an <a class="reference internal" href="#unquoted-argument">Unquoted Argument</a>. In such contexts, a string |
| is divided into list elements by splitting on <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">;</span></code> characters not |
| following an unequal number of <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">[</span></code> and <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">]</span></code> characters and not |
| immediately preceded by a <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">\</span></code>. The sequence <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">\;</span></code> does not |
| divide a value but is replaced by <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">;</span></code> in the resulting element.</p> |
| <p>A list of elements is represented as a string by concatenating |
| the elements separated by <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">;</span></code>. For example, the <span class="target" id="index-2-command:set"></span><a class="reference internal" href="../command/set.html#command:set" title="set"><code class="xref cmake cmake-command docutils literal"><span class="pre">set()</span></code></a> |
| command stores multiple values into the destination variable |
| as a list:</p> |
| <div class="highlight-cmake"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="nb">set</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">srcs</span> <span class="s">a.c</span> <span class="s">b.c</span> <span class="s">c.c</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="c"># sets "srcs" to "a.c;b.c;c.c"</span> |
| </pre></div> |
| </div> |
| <p>Lists are meant for simple use cases such as a list of source |
| files and should not be used for complex data processing tasks. |
| Most commands that construct lists do not escape <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">;</span></code> characters |
| in list elements, thus flattening nested lists:</p> |
| <div class="highlight-cmake"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="nb">set</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">x</span> <span class="s">a</span> <span class="s2">"b;c"</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="c"># sets "x" to "a;b;c", not "a;b\;c"</span> |
| </pre></div> |
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