docs: Prefer use of libusb_init_context() over old libusb_init()

- Replace some uses of the soft-deprecated libusb_init() and
  libusb_set_debug() with their updates.

- Updated various comments to favour use of the new functions.

- Notably remove \deprecated doxygen statement, since it causes
  -Wdocumentation compiler warnings.

- Notably update the xusb example to pass debug options to
  libusb_init_context() instead of setting environment variable.

- Also improve comments related to LIBUSB_API_VERSION and
  LIBUSBX_API_VERSION.

Closes #1408

[Tormod: Fix Doxygen formatting and references]
Signed-off-by: Tormod Volden <debian.tormod@gmail.com>
8 files changed